indirect evidence of evolution
3745 results for indirect evidence of evolution
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vLex Rating
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530 U.S. 793 (2000), 98-1648, Mitchell v. Helms
...The purpose of the direct/indirect distinction is to prevent "subsidization" of ...Although there is evidence that equipment has been, or at least easily could ... convincingly demonstrates that the evolution in the meaning of the term in our jurisprudence ...
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465 U.S. 668 (1984), 82-1256, Lynch v. Donnelly
... American life, and equally pervasive is evidence of accommodation of all faiths and all forms of ... of the cr£che in the display effects is indirect, remote, and incidental, and is no more an ... on teaching principles of Darwinian evolution); Abington School Dist. v. Schempp, 374 U.S. ...
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637 F.3d 729 (7th Cir. 2011), 10-2977, Silverman v. Board of Educ. of City of Chicago
... Silverman has not presented sufficient evidence to defeat the Board's motion on either of her ... discrimination either directly or indirectly. See Griffin v. Sisters of St. Francis, Inc., ... and retaliation, in no way shows any evolution in the Board's position or its arguments. Insofar ...
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495 F.3d 840 (7th Cir. 2007), 06-1252, Pantoja v. American NTN Bearing Mfg. Corp.
... is proceeding under the so-called indirect method of proving employment discrimination. This ..., that there has been a subtle evolution in the way that courts describe the McDonnell ... same as requiring plaintiff to introduce evidence into the record of one or more people "similarly ...
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536 U.S. 639 (2002), 00-1751, Zelman v. Simmons-Harris
...Nor is there evidence that the program fails to provide genuine ...indirect aid cases in part because a significant portion ... convincingly demonstrates that the evolution in the meaning of the term in our jurisprudence ...
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490 U.S. 163 (1989), 87-1327, Cotton Petroleum Corp. v. New Mexico
... state taxes were invalid on the basis of evidence tending to prove that the amount of such taxes ... to these taxes is one aspect of the evolution of the doctrine of intergovernmental tax immunity ... state taxes that arguably imposed an indirect economic. . burden on the Federal Government ...
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489 U.S. 1 (1989), 87-1245, Texas Monthly, Inc. v. Bullock
... in every case, since it has adduced no evidence that the payment of a sales tax by subscribers to ... taxpayers, forcing them to become "indirect and vicarious `donors.'" Bob Jones University v. ... with our decision here, based on the evolution in our thinking about the Religion Clauses over ...
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374 U.S. 203 (1963), 142, School District of Abington Township, Pennsylvania v. Schempp
... of man were rooted in Him is clearly evidenced in their writings, from the Mayflower Compact to ... of things which could directly or indirectly be made public business, and thereby be supported ... guided in large measure by the dramatic evolution of the religious diversity among the population ...
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The Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles Rule for Model Years 2021-2026 Passenger Cars and Light Trucks
...the best available science, evidence, and methodologies for assessing . the impacts of ... Today's final rules represent a further evolution of the . work that supported the proposal, based ...changes in new vehicle costs) and indirect impacts (e.g., changes in . rates of fleet ...
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221 U.S. 1 (2015), Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States
... of capital stock and bonds or other evidences of indebtedness of corporations, and to exercise ...The evolution is clearly pointed out in National Cotton Oil ... intendment of the law is the direct or indirect effect of the acts involved, then, of course, the ...
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250 U.S. 616 (1919), 316, Abrams v. United States
...Evidence sufficient to sustain anyone of several counts of ... allied capitalism to crush the Russian evolution " -- goes on that the tyrants of the world fight ... have interference with the war as an indirect and probably undesired effect seems to me by no ...
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Medicare Program; CY 2020 Revisions to Payment Policies Under the Physician Fee Schedule and Other Changes to Part B Payment Policies; Medicare Shared Savings Program Requirements; Medicaid Promoting Interoperability Program Requirements for Eligible Professionals; Establishment of an Ambulance Data Collection System; Updates to the Quality Payment Program; Medicare Enrollment of Opioid Treatment Programs and Enhancements to Provider Enrollment Regulations Concerning Improper Prescribing and Patient Harm; and Amendments to Physician Self-Referral Law Advisory Opinion Regulations
...and indirect PEs involved in furnishing a service described by ...for review and other codes. Evidence that technology has changed physician work. ...concerns. Based on the evolution of public comments in the CY 2019 PFS . final ...
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Towards a More Evolutionary Theory of Property Rights
Property rights are often referred to as "evolving," but the term is usually used to signify a gradual process of change rather than one based on Darwinian evolutionary theory. Because property rights go through processes of variation, selection and replication, a more rigorously evolutionary approach can improve our understanding of how property rights change over time. This Essay uses
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497 U.S. 547 (1990), Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission
... is corroborated by a host of empirical evidence suggesting that an owner's minority status ...evolution of current federal policy, both Congress and the ... as they do on stereotyping and so indirectly furthering the asserted end, could not plausibly ...
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Antitrust Arbitration and Illinois Brick
For nearly 40 years, since the Supreme Court decision in Illinois Brick, federal antitrust law has prevented indirect purchasers from complaining of overcharges caused by antitrust violations. The Court reasoned that direct purchasers are the best and most motivated antitrust plaintiffs. But in its 2013 Italian Colors decision, the Court made it extremely difficult for direct purchasers to bring...
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514 U.S. 549 (1995), 93-1260, United State v. Lopez
... related to interstate commerce only indirectly. In doing so, the Court characterized the ..., of which express findings would be evidence. But review for congressional wisdom would just ...Evolution of Economic Development in Broward County, ...
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Migration as Decolonization.
... law--was, at this crucial stage in the evolution of modern international law, a racialized and ... and financial regimes impose direct and indirect political constraints: They impose restrictions ... way of living, there is empirical evidence that it not only chills movement from the Third ...
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521 U.S. 203 (1997), 96-552, Agostini v. Felton
...1, 12-13. No evidence has ever shown that any New York City instructor ... the aid resulted in an effect that was "indirect, remote, or incidental" (and upheld the aid); and ... creationism to be discussed with evolution in public schools because the law lacked a ...
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Justice Scalia and Sherman Act textualism.
...Regulations that imposed so-called "indirect restraints" of such commerce, by contrast, fell ... constructions and thus significant evidence of the meaning of the Act. (216) Moreover, they ... which it gives of the practical evolution by which monopoly and the acts which produce the ...
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505 U.S. 577 (1992), 90-1014, Lee v. Weisman
... schools carry a particular risk of indirect coercion. Engel v. Vitale , 370 U.S. 421; ... religion by preventing the teaching of evolution, the Court invalidated it. In ... establishments, which the weight of evidence suggests the Framers appreciated. See, e.g., ...
- Antitrust Federalism and State Restraints of Interstate Commerce: An Essay for Professor Hovenkamp
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War Is Governance: Explaining the Logic of the Laws of War From a Principal-Agent Perspective
In this Article, the authors develop an alternative explanation that is based on the principal-agent model of domestic governance. They pry open the black box of "the state" and examine the complex interaction between the civilian and military apparatuses seething beneath the veil of sovereignty. Their point of departure is that military conflicts raise significant intrastate conflicts...
....1 On the other, realists explain the evolution of the law on utilitarian grounds and view .... . soldiers."19 Empirical evidence collected from interna- tional armed conflicts ... combatants or foreign ci- vilians.20 Indirectly, then, improving control of the military agent is ...
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The Antitrust Constitution
Antitrust is today viewed almost exclusively in strictly economic terms. Under the nearly ubiquitous "rule of reason," conduct is condemned or saved by courts largely based on their evaluation of the conduct’s effect on economic efficiency. But many aspects of antitrust law cannot be explained by efficiency analysis. The full sweep of antitrust makes sense only when one considers other...
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CREATING A BETTER FUTURE: FOUR SCENARIOS FOR HOW DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES COULD CHANGE THE WORLD.
...It also demonstrates how the indirect and direct drivers of techno-social change ... 1 might interact and influence the evolution of digital technologies. (39) . Four Possible ... Demographics and Involvement of users Evidence-based practice, social/human in innovation, ...