... remaining powerful instrument of protectionism in international trade. While there are controverssies about the current legal definition of dumping to what is dumping and what is not, pre...
... uses the federal tax code's definition of "net income" with certain adjustments. Like the... convenience rather than economic protectionism-justifies Iowa's differential treatment of foreign...
... a careful job of providing a precise definition of a sweatshop, and presents some reasonable quant... standards are a form of Northern protectionism impinging on their sovereignty. That such leaders ...
... driven by concern about "economic protectionism-that is, regulatory measures designed to benefit i...By definition, there is no discrimina tion against interstate ...
Fourteen years ago, in C & A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown, the U.S. Supreme Court held that a local government had unconstitutionally discriminated against interstate commerce when it forced its citizens to purchase all waste-transfer services from a single local private supplier. In a recent decision, United Haulers Ass'n v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority, the Court refused to extend the principle of Carbone to a law that required citizens to purchase these same services from a local government-operated facility. The Court thereby engrafted on the dormant Commerce Clause a new state-self-promotion exception, which receives its first extended treatment in this Article. I begin by identifying the many contexts in which this exception may take hold, touching in th...
... that constitutionally problematic "protectionism" seldom lurks in laws that benefit society-serving... things because a municipality, by definition, is a subunit of the state itself. 44 . (3) Fairne...
A ruling on Chinese exports should also serve as a warning to others about protectionism. The World Trade Organization's ruling this month against China's restrictions on the export of raw materials is a welcome decision that we hope will temper China's mercantilistic strategy, in which every policy decision is designed to favor Chinese exporters. It also should serve as a warning to others about these protectionist tools.
..."critical shortages." There is no clear definition of what this means and leading economies have been...
Introduction - II. The history and origins of swiss banking law - A. Threats of Seizure by France’s Herriot Government - B. Economic Espionage by Nazi Germany - C. The Historical Tradition of Swiss Neutrality - III. Swiss banking before 2009 - A. Social Motivations for Swiss Banking Secrecy - B. Economic Motivations for Swiss Banking Secrecy - IV. Commitments to changes in swiss law and the 2009 prosecutions - A. Switzerland’s Modifications to Its Banking Secrecy Policies - B. International Agreements Creating Pressure on Tax Havens - C. Switzerland Assists the United States in Prosecuting U.S. Tax Evaders - D. International Repercussions of the United States’ Tax Evasion Prosecutions - V. The future of banking secrecy - VI. The consequences of the probable demise of banking secrecy:...
[...] he arrives at what many may think is a highly counterintuitive conclusion: Private schools for the poor are burgeoning across the developing world. Rather than dwelling on the well-known reasons why government schools serve students so poorly, Tooley concentrates on the innovations that are possible when the passions and preferences of human hearts to educate the young go unsatisfied.
...' unions engage in favor-seeking and protectionism. Government officials and experts argue that schoools that charge fees cannot, by definition, be "for the poor." Regulations make it hard for e...
... finding that this brand of economic protectionism is not a legitimate state interest and 15 ... of state power and rational by definition. . As we see it, neither precedent nor broa...
As Europe's leaders respond to the financial crisis, concerns of economic protectionism are leading to greater questions over the fundamental unity of the EU. At risk is the European Single Market, which, though less prominent than the symbolic euro, is the true basis for unity among the various European countries. Given the current financial circumstances, protectionist impulses are the natural outcome of pressing political pressures; in addition, they play a particularly strong role for European national leaders given the nature of the single market that connects all EU country economies. Nevertheless, the long history of unity and its legacy of economic benefit to Europe require that European leaders strongly defend the core ideals of the European Single Market in the wake of the eco...
...The modern definition of the single market is based on the "four freedom...
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