legal history of cannabis in the united states

• Neoliberalism, Racism, and the War On Drugs in Canada

The war on drugs is an important feature of neoliberalism in Canada. Yet while the relationship between the drug war and neoliberal policy has been the subject of focus by writers in the US, it has received little attention in the literature on either drug policy or neoliberalism in Canada. Gordon examines this gap by using a political-economy framework, which highlights the central role played by drug prohibition in the street-based operationalization of neoliberal restructuring and links the policing dynamic to the historical role drug criminalization has played in Canada.

... the subject of focus by writers in the United States (see, for example, Parenti, 1999; Davis, 19... community, as opiates, cocaine, and cannabis were in the early 20th century. Drugs in these ins...Neocleous' (2000) history of the emergence of modern policing in early 19th-... (nicotine, we should remember, is perfectly legal), or because they were associated with a widesprea...

• Social Justice
• Vol. 33 Nbr. 1, January 2006

• Dixon v. United States, 548 U. S. (2006)

... Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative, 532 U. S. 483, 490, n. 3. Th... applying the rule." Fletcher, Two Kinds of Legal Rules: A Comparative Study of Burden-of-Persuasion... is no evidence in the Act's structure or history that Congress actually considered the question of ...

• U.S. Supreme Court

• A Coordinated Approach to Student Drug Use Surveys in Canada

Student surveys of substance use provide an essential source of information regarding substance use trends, associated risks, sociodemographic correlates, and identification of high risk groups in a youth population. In Canada, these surveys are conducted intermittently in eight often provinces. Large methodological variability across jurisdictions limits opportunities for interregional comparisons and benchmarking. The Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, in partnership with national and provincial organizations, is working toward the development of a set of core indicators and a standard methodology for student surveys. Three working groups were formed to facilitate this work: development of indicators, development of guidelines for design and analysis, and identification of provincial...

... other than alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis is relatively rare among students. The low base ra...Data from student surveys in the United States demonstrate that whereas use of illicit dru...Student surveys have a long history in many provinces, with some provinces reporting t...Copyright Federal Legal Publications, Inc. Fall 2009Provided by ProQuest L...

• Contemporary Drug Problems
• Vol. 36 Nbr. 3/4, October 2009

• A critical appraisal of the Department of Justice's new approach to medical marijuana.

... than 400,000 people now using marijuana legally under state law and the thousands more who supply ... to cede an important policy domain to the states. Medical marijuana has been one of the most salien...In United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative, fo... statutes, regulations, legislative history, and judicial decisions, I have determined that fe...

• Stanford Law & Policy Review
• Vol. 22 Nbr. 2, March 2011

• 3rd Croatian Conference On Alcoholism and Other Addictions: 7th Alpe-Adria Conference On Alcoholism/3. Hrvatska Konferencija O Alkoholizmu I Drugim Ovisnostima: 7. Alpe-Jadran Konferencija O Alkoholizmu

...THE HISTORY OF THE ALPE-ADRIA CONFERENCE ON ALCOHOLISM. Flavio... practice in recommendations of UNDCP (United Nations - Best Practice Case Study). The authors w... are sedatives, inhalation substances and cannabis, all of which have been tried, excluding LSD, at l...It would improve legally preventive approach. It is important to prevent bi...Zagreb, Croatia. The report states the importance of sober driving as a general recom...

• Alcoholism
• Nbr. 44, September 2008

• USA V. CHARLES LAFLEY, (9th Cir. 2011)

FOR PUBLICATION. UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS. FOR THE NINTH CIRCU... Federal Defender, and Briana Schwandt, Legal Intern, Federal Defenders of Montana, Missoula, Mo..., Lafley had joined the Montana Cannabis Ministries and procured a medical marijuana card.3... government satisfied its bur 7 The history of RFRA's enactment as a response to the Supreme C...

• Federal Circuits

• International Policy On Illicit Drug Trafficking: The Formal and Informal Mechanisms

In the last 10 years the world's leading economic powers have driven important changes in international policy on illicit drug trafficking. They have set up and financed semi-formal or informal transnational groups to proactively implement policy on the ground. This is a reaction to the bureaucratic, formal mechanisms of the United Nations and its agencies, where policy is diluted by the need for consensus among 53 member states, plus various regional groupings of other countries. The new groups take a more integrated approach to the problem by going beyond trafficking into countering money laundering and controlling the sale of precursor chemicals, which criminal gangs use to synthesize drugs earlier in the supply chain to reduce the bulk of trafficked materials. The established link b...

... under which opium and cocaine could be legally grown and traded, hence defining their illegal sta... exclude Morocco from close scrutiny on cannabis production because of the close relationship betwe...The history of UNFDAC exemplifies the way major donors can ass...

• Journal of Drug Issues
• Vol. 37 Nbr. 4, October 2007

• McConnell v. Federal Election Comm'n, 540 U.S. 93 (2003)

. M c CONNELL, UNITED STATES SENATOR, et al. v. FEDERAL ELECTION COM...' reasonable prediction, based on the history of campaign finance regulation, was that donors wo... invasion of a concrete and particularized legally protected interest, Lujan v. Defenders of Wildl..., United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative, 532 U. S. 483 (2001). Indee...

• U.S. Supreme Court

• Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. (2007)

... that Gall had no significant criminal history; that he was not an organizer, leader, or manager;... Practical considerations also underlie this legal principle. "The sentencing judge is in a superior ...See also United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative , 532 U. S. 483, 497-498 (2001...

• U.S. Supreme Court

• Gonzales, Attorney General, Et Al. v. Oregon Et Al., 546 U. S. (2006)

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. Syllabus . GONZALES, ATTORNEY GENERAL, ET... that the Attorney General's decision is a legal, not medical, one does not suffice, for the Interp...And in United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative, 532 U. S. 483 (2001), Congre...From an early time in our national history, the Federal Government has used its enumerated po...

• U.S. Supreme Court