Algeria has been through a violent process of democratization which ultimately failed due to the inability of various political forces to tolerate differences among themselves. Algeria remains a neo-patriarchal, neo-patrimonial, obscurantist society, where religion is used blatantly for political purposes and defenders of democracy want to preserve their own authority. None of the political forces have genuine respect for democratic values, and unless these forces evolve a consensus and learn to be tolerant and secular, democratization efforts are bound to fail.
... state of siege, as was the case for Le Journal and Ruptures, born in late Fall 1992. . In spite o..., like the Mouvement pour la Democratie en Algerie (MDA), led by Algeria's first president, Ahmed Ben... Democratique et Populaire," Journal Officiel de la Republique Algerienne (1 March 1989): 188. ....