This qualitative study, based on a series of 30 in-depth interviews and 109 economic surveys conducted with active heroin users residing in and around Detroit, Michigan, describes reported patterns of heroin use and income generation activities. In spite of lack of access to regular, legal employment, we found that many participants displayed a dedication to regular daily routine and a sense of risk management or control. These findings are discussed relative to past research on heroin addiction as well as recent research on the changing nature of employment. We argue that this sample fits somewhere in between the controlled or working addict, and the "junkie" or "righteous dope fiend" of urban lore. We draw a connection between these stable patterns of addiction and income generation a...
...Applicants who were younger than 18 or older than 55, or had diagnosable menta... interfered with their "legitimate" work careers. Another 41 -year-old African American man, who ha... as a broad acceptance of downward mobility, may also be conceptualized as an expansion inward...
... occupations at the beginning of their careers. Only 21% of the students were in identical high-p..., or laypersons and is an aspect of job mobility that might reflect career development in a modern ... business, or location) was greater in the younger age groups. For 15-19-year-old individuals, the pr...
Can college participation have any meaningful effects for former prisoners, beyond quantifiable measures of recidivism and income? Although stigma, overt discrimination, and a shrinking low-skilled labor market form notable challenges to reentry, some studies suggest that college experience helps former prisoners successfully avoid recidivism. Nevertheless, scholars continue to debate how college may work as a mechanism for reducing criminal activity. Proposing that college increases former prisoners' access to mainstream opportunities and holds particular implications in the labor market; this paper revises Lofland's normal-smith theory to identify a new kind of institution coined: the 'opportunity-smith'. Thematic content analysis of data gathered through interviews with seventeen for...
...Everyone he introduced me to was some young black man, who was just coming out of prison-and t... another goal: upward economic and social mobility. As far as I was concerned I was not gonna be like... marked individuals turn their pasts into careers they see themselves as particularly apt to pursue,...
... work in practice, consider the market for young lawyers, and especially the large law firms' share... covenant that restricts their future mobility and opportunities in the external labor market. En...According to the firm's simple website, careers at FHI feature "[p]roduction-based pay," "[m]onthl...
The fates of immigrant's children --- the new second generation -- will likely shape how to evaluate the current epoch of immigration. The 2000 Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) indicates that 1.62 million biological children, adopted children, or stepchildren under the age of 18 lived in families headed by their parent or parents in New York City in 2000. While New York City can be tough on any young person, regardless of where their parents were born, the children of immigrants face extra difficulties. First, only a third of New York City's 3 million households are families with related children under 18. Scholars speculating about second-generation trajectories have also worried that the larger social patterns of racial inequality and discrimination will force those children of immi...
... lifetime earnings and chances for upward mobility (Borjas 1990, 1999). Incorporating new immigrant e... their credentials into professional careers, and many spent time on public assistance. Though ...
...; those who are severely disabled at a young age; and those who are granted maximum benefits, b... Some are sacrificing jobs, careers, homes, health insurance and facing tremendous imp... at some point he won't need any type of mobility device. But did you uncover any other area where ...
... in 2006 and was honored with an Outstanding Young Californian Award from the California Jaycee Found... and principal investigator of the Health Careers Opportunity Program--San Diego Regional Consortium... constructing new ears, to increasing the mobility of burn victims. She sees her Fresh Start patients...
Other studies pointed out that male groups competed with each other and rarely expressed feelings; male groups were more likely to have a differentiated division of labor; female groups were more often characterized by interpersonal relations and concern for one another; and in mixed groups men developed a more personal orientation and were less aggressive (as cited in Ortiz & Marshall, 1988). [...] the purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the personal and professional experiences of nine women leaders who have earned public recognition for their contribution to education as teachers, principals, superintendents, and university professors. With a sense of power and direction nurtured and fueled by spirituality, these women navigated cultural barriers, developed a sense...
...In 1909, Ella Flagg Young envisioned that "Women are destined to rule the sc...Thus, when women plan careers, they factor inequality into their futures by assu...66). Traditionally, lack of mobility has been another barrier to career advancement, li...
... remains tentatively low because many young women cannot juggle work with family commitments. ... every diplomat's contract includes a mobility clause that means they can be sent anywhere in the... to have families and enjoy professional careers without making personal trade-offs. Nonetheless, a...
American evangelicals have become dominant players within the United States government. One particularly important domain of elite activity has been the U.S. military. Through important institutions like the Pentagon and the U.S. Air Force Academy, a cohort of civilian and military leaders have brought their faith to bear in their professional responsibilities and forms of public self-presentation. Drawing on data from interviews with 360 national, public leaders who are evangelical as well as leaders of evangelical institutions, this essay traces the expressive and institutional elements of evangelical activity within the U.S. military. Informants for this essay include two former Presidents of the United States; dozens of Cabinet secretaries, governmental leaders, and senior White Hou...
..., Promise Keepers, The Navigators, and Young Life.5 Gradually over the years, the Air Force Aca...'re at the top of the heap; their entire careers have built up to that point. So who do they talk t... experiencing similar benefits of social mobility afforded by the United States military. Copyright ...
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