flags of convenience

• Flags of convenience

• Pirate Fishing Thrives Under Flags of Convenience Warns Report

GENEVA, Nov. 1 /U.S. Newswire/ -- The pillaging of threatened fish stocks, human rights abuse and global pirate fishing operations worth more than a billion dollars are documented in a report sponsored by the Australian Government, the International Transport Workers' Federation (ITF) and World Wildlife Fund. The report, The Changing Nature of High Seas Fishing: How Flags of Convenience provide cover for illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing reveals the link between illegal fishing operations in the world's oceans and countries that offer cheap registration services, or flags of convenience (FOC), to fishing vessels. The FOC system provides a perfect cover for IUU fishing, which is estimated by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization to account for 30 percent of total catch...

• U.S. Newswire
• November 01, 2005

• Controlling flags of convenience: one measure to stop overfishing of collapsing fish stocks.

I. INTRODUCTION II. FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE AND THEIR USE IN IUU FISHING A. Origins of FOCs and ORs B. The Size of the World FOC Fleet C. Effects of FOC-...

• Environmental Law
• Vol. 35 Nbr. 2, March 2005

• Raising the Spector of Discrimination: The Case for Disregarding

Flags of Convenience and Open Registries history and practice. Discrimination in the Cruise Industry. The Inadequacy of the Spector DecisiOn and Other Caselaw. Limitations on Extraterritorial Application of U.S. Law. The Eleventh Circuit's. Conclusion.

• The Modern American
• Nbr. III-2, June 2007

• Japan Line, Ltd. v. County of Los Angeles, 441 U.S. 434 (1979)

... fact in part explains the phenomenon of "flags of convenience" (a term deemed derogatory in some ...

• U.S. Supreme Court

• Flying the Flag, Fleeing the State

'Flags of convenience' make it easy for unscrupulous ship owners to get away with criminal behavior. Four American yachters killed; a Danish family of five and two crew members kidnapped: These events in the space of a week early this year may finally fuel a consensus that something needs to be done about piracy in the Indian Ocean and Gulf of Aden. And something should be done: in addition to the yachters, nearly 700 sailors, mostly Filipino, Bangladeshi and Russian, are being held hostage. Often forced to operate their captured ships at gunpoint, with little food or water, some of them have been prisoners for months.

• International Herald Tribune
• April 24, 2011

• From the 'Constitution of the Maritime Safety Committee' to the 'Constitution of the Council': Will the Imco Experience Repeat Itself at the Imo Nearly Fifty Years On? The Juridical Politics of an International Organization

The Council and the General Assembly of the International Maritime Organization ("IMO" or "the Organization") is currently faced with a constitutional issue that has remained unresolved since its founding half a century ago. The Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization ("IMCO"), the forerunner of the IMO, was established by the International Maritime Conference in Geneva in 1948. Its main technical organ then, the Maritime Safety Committee ("MSC" or "the Committee"), was to be elected from among the eight "largest ship-owning nations " in accordance with Article 28(a) of the Organization's 1948 Convention (the "Convention"). The Convention's drafters intended to limit membership of the Committee to a few exclusive and dominant traditional maritime nations ("TMNs")1 with eff...

... to restrict the freedom of shipping of all flags to take part in international trade;11. (c) To pro... nation's role as a leading flag of convenience registry, that "[t]he violation of the law of the ...

• Texas International Law Journal
• Vol. 43 Nbr. 1, October 2007

• [ Inside the Ring ]

Korean sanctions As this paper reported Tuesday, the Bush administration recently tightened economic sanctions on North Korea after learning that Pyongyang was selling its ship registry to U.S. and foreign companies here for two or three times the going rate for such so- called flags of convenience.

• The Washington Times
• May 30, 2006

• Uani Reveals Fraudulent Iranian Shipping Scheme to Evade International Oil Sanctions Through Manipulation of Fujairah, Dubai, Philippines, Tanzania, and U.S.

Results of Investigation Show Iran and Philtex's Illicit Actions United Against Nuclear Iran

..., and, with the assistance of Philtex, fly "flags of convenience" illicitly-acquired from Zanzibar a...

• Business Wire
• February 01, 2013

• The Magician Behind Iran's Vanishing Oil Tankers.

... the registration of NITC vessels to flags of convenience is doubtful. Certainly those organi...

• American Diplomacy
• Nbr. 2012, January 2012

• Amid Tax Squeeze, Search for a Safe Port

As Europe's indebted nations search for new revenues, tax- avoidance maneuvers by boat owners are facing heightened scrutiny. Once every 18 months, a large Swiss-owned motor yacht arrives here to spend a couple of nights docked in Africa, before returning to its home port on the French Riviera.

... of yachts who register them under foreign flags as charter vessels, even though they never put the... as businesses under foreign flags of convenience. "If you buy it outside of the E.U. and corporatel...

• International Herald Tribune
• April 18, 2012