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european monitoring centre for drugs and drug addiction emcdda
15 documents for european monitoring centre for drugs and drug addiction emcdda
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... the perspectives of youth, community, addiction, educational and health service providers, in yout... ranked the highest among the thirty-five European countries in the number of adolescents who regular... of lifetime use of an illicit drug (EMCDDA, 2007). These patterns of youth substance use were... social contexts in which they consume their drugs" (NIDA, 1996, p89). Current Irish research lacks a...), greater freedom or lack of parental monitoring (both parents working, single unit families), incr.... REFERENCES . European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction EMCDDA (2007). Annual...
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... in non- disadvantaged area, youth training centre, private school and both mixed/single sex schools.... in Ireland has risen in the last decade (EMCDDA, 2007, NACD, 2005b) and has become increasingly co... social demographic of users, age, location, drugs of choice, poly substance using, and availability ... Would your school support an adolescent addiction counselling service in your area? . 11. Is there a.... European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EM...
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Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Tajikistan has experienced an extraordinary and devastating expansion of opiate trafficking and consumption. While heroin was virtually unknown in the country up to the mid-1990s and opium was produced and consumed locally only to a modest degree, in less than a decade Tajikistan has become a key transit country for Afghan opiates bound north- and westwards, at the same time as it has witnessed a rapid growth of domestic heroin use. Tajikistan now rivals Afghanistan for the unenviable title of the country most dependent on the illicit drug industry, with the opiate industry adding at least 30% to the recorded gross domestic product. The opiate trade is so important economically that it corrupts the whole political system. This article ther...
... Programme and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNDCP/UNODC). It also rests on a candid... most Central Asian republics and eastern European countries, which are also to a large extent servic... confirm this perception (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction [EMCDDA], 2002...
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Based on socio-cultural theories of risk and through individual conversational interviews with socially integrated drug users in Stockholm, Sweden, this article examines the informants' perception of drug-related risk and risk management. The analysis further examines these perceptions in relation to core Swedish cultural ideals of conscientiousness. The research shows that the informants have a sophisticated system of controlling their drug use and that this is based on a modified form of core Swedish cultural ideals. The article proposes that this has bearing for prevention policies which often neglect the cultural and social context connected to drug related risks perception and management.
... experts often advise total abstinence from drugs. This perspective is particularly true in Sweden, ... have it every day, but, well I see an addiction even when you are not addicted really .. just if y... Sweden, with low drug prevalence levels (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction [EM...
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In 2004 the Danish Parliament re-penalized possession of illegal drugs for personal consumption after 35 years of de-penalization. This article presents an analysis of this shift away from a relatively liberal drug policy and towards a more repressive drug policy and places it in a context of the shifting balances between since 1955. The article analyzes the background for the first penalization of possession in 1955, de-penalization in 1969 and repenalization in 2004, focusing particularly on how the drug using subject was constructed at these three important moments in the history of Danish drug policy. The article furthermore analyzes the changes in 1969 and 2004 as part of more general changes of welfare policy and penal policy in Denmark. T...
... involved only isolated incidents of addiction where the cause of the problem was to be found wit... among young people in Denmark, as European surveys showed that young people in Denmark consum..., Germany, and Portugal (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction [EMCDDA], 2005...
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Medically supervised injecting centers, or drug consumption rooms are officially sanctioned places where people can inject or smoke illegal drugs in hygienic conditions and under supervision. Their ostensible purposes are to protect the health of drug users and contain the nuisance potential of open drug markets. This article argues that the debates and arguments supporting the establishment and existence of medically supervised injecting centers follow four interweaving narratives. These narratives can be characterized as (1) Caring and humanitarian (2) Elimination of public nuisance (3) Governance of the drug-using subject (4) Neo-liberal, utilitarian, and bureaucratic. These narratives alternatively combine and oppose each other. This means that the analysis of the benefits and probl...
... (MSIC Evaluation Committee, 2003), the European Report on Drug Consumption Rooms (Hedrich, 2004), ... the MSIC evaluations, to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) and t...
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High comorbidity exists between alcohol and drug-related disorders. However, little information is available on characteristics of clients abusing both alcohol and illicit drugs (so-called dual substance abusers). The proportion of dual substance abusers and their characteristics are examined in a sample of 1,626 clients seeking treatment in one of the 16 participating centers in the province of Antwerp (Belgium). More than a quarter of all clients were identified as dual substance abusers. Their characteristics correspond better to those of drug abusers than to those of alcohol abusers, but compared to the former, they are younger, more often male, use more types of illicit substances and more often use stimulating substances. Alcohol is often underestimated in substance use patterns. ...
... Demand Indicator" protocol, a common European standard manual on treatment demand registration d... by the Pompidou Group/European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) (Simo...
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Capture-recapture methodologies have been used to estimate the size of the hidden population of active offenders on the basis of the observed properties of the truncated distribution of arrested offenders. We use this approach to estimate the odds of arrest of marijuana, cocaine, crack, and heroin dealers and users in one Canadian province (Quebec). Findings indicate that risks of being arrested are much higher for sellers than for consumers and that this gap widens for the more harmful drugs. Findings also show, however, that vulnerability to arrest was significantly higher for marijuana users than for others users and that dealers in the smaller but more harmful drug markets (crack and heroin) manage to experience lower aggregate risks of arrest than cocaine or marijuana dealers.
...; Hser, 1993; Brecht & Wickens, 1993; European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction [EM... the size of hidden or unknown populations (EMCDDA, 1997). Truncated Poisson estimators, such as the ...
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The purpose of this paper is to describe cross-national differences in drug use and violence among three sites that vary in social and political culture and drug use policies-Philadelphia, Toronto, and Amsterdam. The DAVI (Drugs, Alcohol and Violence International) study is based on personal interviews with 1,120 adolescents aged 14 to 17 years from three sites and two samples (550 detainees and 570 dropouts). Seven drug use outcomes and three violence outcomes were compared across sites. We found that site differences were dominant. Only two of 10 outcomes (cannabis onset and relative drug-related violence) were not significantly related to site as a main effect or through an interaction. The most common site differences showed that the Toronto samples reported higher rates of drug use...
... greatly between and within countries (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction [EM...
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In order to understand any drug policy one must take into consideration its various components: assumptions about human nature, cultural and political traditions, the activities of different interest groups, theoretical framework, and the like. This paper discusses these aspects of Swedish drug policy as a means of shedding light on why Sweden, widely renowned as a humanitarian and rational country, has been one of the staunchest proponents of what some people consider to be inhumane and irrational drug policies. The author argues that Sweden's drug policy is basically logical, given the nation's cultural understanding and assumptions about alcohol (assumptions that have been transferred to other drugs as well). However, due to changes both within and outside of the country, alternative...
... eroding since Sweden joined the European Union (EU) in 1995. The more recent changes in alc... dependency, alcoholism, and narcotics addiction. They are all very closely related states, origina...%), and the Netherlands (12%) (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction [EMCDDA], 2003...
