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Baudenbacher focuses on the issue of the implementation of the judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Communities (ECJ) and the European Free Trade Association Court in their domestic legal orders of the respective Member States. He observes that national courts do not in all cases comply with their obligation to refer, and as a result, communication with the ECJ does not come about from the very outset.
... but who are neither nationals of EU/EFTA member states nor holders of a valid permanent res...
... signed the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with EFTA and took a step forward to sign the FTA with the E... process both in Ukraine and EFTA member states, and there is still some way to go in order...
... transfers sent by consumers in the United States to individuals and businesses in foreign countries... scope of the Electronic Fund Transfer Act (EFTA) \2\ to provide for their regulation. ------------... that will be delivered to their family member upon pick-up.''); Testimony of Annette LoVoi, Appl...
... in the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) member states as well as the European Union. IsoR...
... with the legislation of another EU Member State, or in a State that has acceded to the agree... on the European Economic Area, as well as EFTA Member States nationals and undertakings are exemp...
According to the ECJ, the EEA was to be established on the basis of an international treaty which merely created rights and obligations between the contracting parties.2 The ECJ held that the EC Treaty, by contrast, established a new legal order for the benefit of which the States have limited their sovereignty rights, and that die subjects of the new legal order comprise not only the States, but also their nationals, with the essential features being direct effect and primacy. Since there were no other mechanisms that would secure homogeneity, the ECJ did not consider the fundamental principles of direct effect and primacy to be safeguarded.5 On the contrary, it assumed that these principles were irreconcilable with the characteristics of the [EEA] agreement.
... die EEA Agreement between the then twelve member states of the EC and the then seven EFTA states we...
... enforcement of judgments between the EU Member States. These measures include the Brussels 1 Regu... (as between the EU Member States and the EFTA States, Norway, Iceland and Switzerland). The exte...
... MANY foreign jurisdictions, the United States lacks a singular, comprehensive consumer protectio...The Electronic Fund Transfer Act ("EFTA") was passed by Congress in 1978 to "provide a bas.... (225) See, e.g., id. . IADC Member Edward M. Crane is a partner with Skadden, Arps, S...
I Knowing What the Law is - II Knowing European Community Law - III Interpretative Authority - IV The Public Strategy and the Strategy of Privatization - V The Law Prior to Köbler - VI Unpacking Liability - VII The Decisive Question - VIII Law That Is Not Clearly Unclear - IX A Self-Effacing Precedent - X Conclusion -
... procedure," in the course of which a Member State's court may or must ask the European Court o... of relevance here; namely instances when states might be held liable for a breach of Community law... of Decisions of the ECJ and of the EFTA Court in Member States' Domestic Legal Orders, 40 ...
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