The effects of firm and establishment size on the outcomes of on-the-job training is analyzed by employing a unique data set that estimates the relation among employer size and the intensity, duration, and composition of different measures of training. Also, the link between the training cost advantages of large firms and steeper wage profiles is investigated. A model showing that lower per unit costs of formal training may be responsible for differences in training across establishments and firms of different sizes is presented.
Long-term productivity may be facilitated by using learning economies of scale. Learning economies of scale is the result of the impact of technology on cost accrued by an organization. There are three types of economies of scale, all characterized by improvements on labor, managerial planning and control and product and process innovations. The Japanese have mastered using economies of scale in their production methods by envisioning the organization as a pull system which uses just-in-time production techniques.
Bob Ellickson's work is so wide-ranging, thought-provoking, and important that doing it justice here is an impossibility - so I will admit defeat on that score at the outset. Instead, I want to focus on one recurring theme that runs through much of his scholarship and that has been especially important to my own thinking about property: that scale matters. Ellickson cashes out this idea in many rich and interesting ways, but I will use three broad propositions that emerge from his work as a way of organizing my remarks. First, that the scale at which activities and events unfold should drive choices among property arrangements. Second, that the institutions for managing property should be scaled to fit the relevant action. Third, that scale should factor into our normative evaluations o...
... not require much land, but there are economies of scale for some land uses, such as grazing.6 Big... not only about economies of scale in production, but also about the prevalence of "large events" (...
... higher standards on their overseas production plants than those prevailing in local markets, thu... African governments to regulate their economies will be further eroded by the rules of the World T... include exposure to new ideas, economies of scale in production, gains in efficiency, and improved q...
GOVERNMENTS that feel obliged to tax heavily are really displaying their own lack of imagination. Heavy taxation is easy. It does not take great managerial or motivational skills to impose laws that demand what is effectively the maximum tax burden that politicians gamble the nation will meekly bear. This small, remote and empty country, funded by only about a million workers and their corporate employers, needs smarter policies to get a better return on the money it takes from wage packets and company profits. The constant goal of all political parties should be to reduce taxation and reward the workforce. Finance Minister Michael Cullen, rarely short of an answer, was flummoxed by a recent question in the House about what taxes or levies his Government had reduced or eliminated. He ha...
..., and eventually all other developed economies that were not named constituted the third world. T... evolution of the capitalist mode of production as a system of economic social relations, politica... can take advantage of economies of scale in production processes, distribution, and marketi...
This paper provides a review of the role of enterprise in a capitalistic setting to promote economic growth. For this purpose, two indexes on productivity and economic freedom were utilized to compare countries grouped by region and income. The finding by relating productivity to economic freedom index of the Heritage Foundation indicates a statistically significant relationship between the two. This gives credence to the hypothesis that economic liberalization induces growth, despite significant gaps in the levels of productivity and economic freedom index between groups of countries.
... countries and the promotion of larger economies of scale in production. The new endogenous growth ...
In his article "From Firm to Networked Systems," Thomas Hughes introduces concepts, such as infrastructure and networking, that are critical to today's managerial system, but, by focusing on electric utilities, the story he tells does not go beyond the arrival of the new science of electronics in the early twentieth century. Hughes, therefore, does not consider the critical role of high-technology industries -- that is, those that commercialized and brought to market new products based on new scientific learning -- in exploring the evolution of managerial systems. By analyzing the role of high-technology industries and the commercialization of new scientific learning, it can be seen how the coming of the information revolution differed from the arrival of the second industrial revolutio...
... earlier works, The Visible Hand (1977) and Scale and Scope (1990).3 In those volumes I did emphasiz..., became the primary source for the production of powder for the Allied Powers. When it reached f... resulted not only from the "static economies of scale and scope in production" but also from "t...
In the recent past, the automotive supply industry has been facing increasing merger activity. This paper examines the short- and long-term wealth effects of horizontal mergers and acquisitions on acquirers in the automotive supply industry. Based on a sample of 230 takeover announcements between 1981 and 2007, significant positive announcement returns to acquiring companies were determined. While these positive short-term returns to acquirers represent an outstanding attribute of this industry in terms of perceived synergy potential, this study also finds that acquirers are unable to sustain this exceptional position beyond a short-term horizon. A combination of the Fama-French-3-Factor model in calendar time and the control firm approach in event time consistently reveals significant ...
... are more likely to result in economies of scale in research and production facilities and...
Performance measures have long been a topic of interest in higher education although no consensus on the best way to measure performance has been achieved. This paper examines the extent and effectiveness of service efforts and accomplishment reporting by public and not-for-profit U.S. colleges and universities using survey data provided by the National Association of College and University Business Officers. Effectiveness is evaluated using the Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB) suggested criteria. Regression analysis suggests an association between the extent of disclosure and size, leverage, level of education provided, and regional accreditation agency. Private institutions rate themselves as more effective communicators. Effectiveness of communication is also associated w...
...Economies of scale in the production of information and the ...
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