economies of scale and scope

• Economies of Scale and Economies of Scope

Economies of scale are reductions in average costs attributable to production volume increases. They typically are defined in relatio...

• Encyclopedia of Management
• A-Z

• New estimates of economies of scale and scope in higher education.

1. Introduction The substantially greater than inflation increases in college tuition during the late 1980s and first half of the 1990s ignited cons...

• Southern Economic Journal
• Vol. 70 Nbr. 1, July 2003

• Mutual Fund Performance, Management Behavior, and Investor Costs

We examine pure no-load funds over a 5-year period. For equity funds, trading activity is negatively related to returns. Expense ratios are not significantly related to returns. Potential capital gains exposure and tax cost ratio are positively related to return. For fixed income funds, trading activity is positively related to return. Expense ratios and tax cost ratios are negatively related to returns. Mutual funds exhibit economies of scale and managers experience scale and scope economies. The individual investor is better off in a large fund that is a member of a large fund family.

• Financial Services Review
• Vol. 13 Nbr. 1, April 2004

• Swap Data Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements

The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``Commission'' or ``CFTC'') is adopting rules to implement the Commodity Exchange Act (``CEA'' or ``Act'') relating to . These sections of the CEA were added by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (``Dodd-Frank Act''). The rules being adopted apply to for swap data repositories, derivatives clearing organizations, designated contract markets, swap execution facilities, swap dealers, major swap participants, and swap counterparties who are neither swap dealers nor major swap participants. The recordkeeping and reporting requirements of this rule further the goals of the Dodd-Frank Act to reduce systemic risk, increase tra...

... of the core members of the G-20 major economies, which comprises 19 countries and the European Uni... model for the LEI system; (3) the scope of LEI reference data; (4) reference data access a... services given the economies of scale and scope they may realize in providing those serv...

• Federal Register Nbr. 77 FR 2136, January 13, 2012
• Rules and Regulations
• Commodity Futures Trading Commission

• Financial Services Companies Adjusting Globalization Plans, Say Researchers From the Conference Board and Duke University

NEW YORK, May 28 /PRNewswire/ -- The push by financial services and insurance companies to establish new offshore operations leveled off in 2009. At the same time, firms seeking cost reductions show greater interest in contracting with large international service providers to benefit from their economies of scale and scope, rather than creating fully owned offshore subsidiaries. These are among the findings of Financial Services Offshoring: Moving Toward Fewer Captives and Global Cost Competitiveness released today, which is based on the fifth annual study on offshoring trends by the Center for International Business Education and Research's (CIBER) Offshoring Research Network (ORN) at Duke University's Fuqua School of Business and The Conference Board. The study is part of a wider rese...

• U.S. Newswire
• May 28, 2010

• Scale and Scope

A significant number of carriers, analysts and consultants speak broadly about the importance of economies in the insurance industry. However, a more detailed, thoughtful analysis indicates that value creation from economies is elusive at best. An analysis of the 60 largest life transactions over the past six years found that insurers pursuing mergers and acquisitions for the purpose of scale economies achieved the highest immediate share returns within 10 days of the M&A announcement, more than 2% relative to other objectives. However, over the long-term, these same insurers destroyed value: -15% relative to the other carriers in the study. The analysis also strongly suggests that size doesn't lead to superior performance along any metric - total sha...

• Best's Review
• Vol. 104 Nbr. 12, April 2004

• The Changing Structure of Cost for Japanese Securities Firms

Japanese securities firms were operating under new circumstances after the Japanese version of the Financial Big Bang was implemented. This paper examines structural changes in the Japanese securities industry by comparing the economies of scale and scope between 1998 and 2002. In particular, we focus on the online securities firms that have appeared in recent years and verify their differences from the existing ones or the impact of deregulation. This is undertaken by employing the generalized translog cost function, which can take zero outputs into consideration. The findings suggest that scale economies were observed for the online securities firms as a whole. Further, product-specific economies of scale for brokerage commissions were observed for the online securities firms. However...

• International Journal of Business
• Vol. 11 Nbr. 1, January 2006

• Implications of the General Agreement On Trade in Services (Gats) for Trinidad and Tobago's Financial Policy

The January 1st, 1995, General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), which entered into force in March 1999, is intended to bring about complete liberalization of international trade in all services, the largest and fastest growing component of such trade. This includes the financial services sector. Financial liberalization can generate a number of benefits, including services specialization, economies of scope, economies of scale in technology acquisition, a reduction of systemic risk, and improved risk management. However, in the case of small island developing countries, as with those in the Caribbean, a number of risks are evident, including adverse selection, increased moral hazard, and decreasing loan quality. This research focuses upon the nature of the financial policy framewo...

• International Journal of Business
• Vol. 10 Nbr. 4, October 2005

• Commercializing High-Technology Industries

In his article "From Firm to Networked Systems," Thomas Hughes introduces concepts, such as infrastructure and networking, that are critical to today's managerial system, but, by focusing on electric utilities, the story he tells does not go beyond the arrival of the new science of electronics in the early twentieth century. Hughes, therefore, does not consider the critical role of high-technology industries -- that is, those that commercialized and brought to market new products based on new scientific learning -- in exploring the evolution of managerial systems. By analyzing the role of high-technology industries and the commercialization of new scientific learning, it can be seen how the coming of the information revolution differed from the arrival of the second industrial revolutio...

... earlier works, The Visible Hand (1977) and Scale and Scope (1990).3 In those volumes I did emphasiz... resulted not only from the "static economies of scale and scope in production" but also from "t...

• Business History Review
• Vol. 79 Nbr. 3, October 2005

• Reshaping Systemic Risk Regulation in Europe

....2 If, in addition, central banks widen the scope of their mission by giving fluctuations in asset p...Time Inconsistency: Scale and Scope of the Problem. Against this backdrop, c... carried out jointly, usually for economies of scale and scope. The technology of each firm de...

• Brown Journal of World Affairs, The
• Vol. 16 Nbr. 2, April 2010