This paper examines public budgeting in the first 30 years of China under central economic planning and one-party system. The research question is whether budgeting operates as it does under market economy in a democratic system. Analysis of historical documents finds that as a subordinate to central economic planning, budgeting was not able to play its functions. Though China was successful in employing all fiscal and monetary means to channel resources into targeted policy areas, budgeting was not effectively used as an administrative instrument. In the 30 years examined, the country seemed to be searching in vain for a workable budgeting system so as to avoid repeated financial frustrations.
JOHANNESBURG, November 18, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- Gold Fields Limited (Gold Fields) (JSE, NYSE, NASDAQ Dubai: GFI) has noted this week's , which includes proposed changes to the tax regime for the country's mining industry.
[...] servicemembers should become familiar with the tax system so that they can make informed tax decisions and minimize the negative consequences of uninformed legal and financial choices. [...] conscientious legal and financial planning combined with a diversified investment strategy will help servicemembers build and keep the wealth they have earned through a lifetime of work.
The impending U.S. military build-up on the island of Guam, a U.S. territory located in Western Pacific, is expected to drastically change the island's socio-economic landscape. There is concern about who would gain and who would lose on the road to economic development. The consensus in the literature that the economic development process could be designed so that it would have an equalizing effect on income distribution suggests a role for deliberate policymaking and economic planning. This paper will look at the issue of income distribution in general and in the context of Guam in particular. It will present a review of literature on the relationship between economic development and income distribution, followed by a section on the measures of income distribution and available data o...
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