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The Secretary amends the (Direct Loan Program) regulations to reflect changes made to the program by the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), Public Law 112-141. Specifically, these interim final regulations reflect the provisions in MAP-21 that amended the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA) to extend the 3.4 percent interest rate on Direct Subsidized Loans from July 1, 2012, to July 1, 2013, and to ensure that a borrower may not receive Direct Subsidized Loans for more than 150 percent of the published length of the educational program in which the borrower is enrolled. Under the changes made by MAP-21, if the borrower exceeds this Direct Subsidized Loan limit, the borrower also becomes responsible for the a...
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Foreign direct investment (FDI), as pointed out by Kindleberger, arises when the host country has an investment opportunity that it cannot exploit by itself because it lacks the means or technical know-how, or because of market incompleteness. A multinational corporation (MNC) may be able to exploit such an opportunity because it has the necessary capital, technology, and managerial skills to do so. In this article, the authors describe some stylized facts about expropriation episodes and other lessons learned from the empirical literature on FDI. The authors then summarize some of the main theories attempting to explain the effects of expropriation on investment and growth. Finally, they develop a theory that relates each type of expropriation to political instability and concentration...
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Set the tone In order to clear up communications and stop filtering things coming up the line, you need top management to quit sugarcoating truths and using jargon where the plain truth would do. Kahn went to his employees and asked them to help cut down the company's bulky 64-word mission statement and the packets given at board meetings because both were thick, antiquated representations of how heavy company communications had become.
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The Secretary proposes to amend the Federal Perkins Loan (Perkins Loan) program, Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) program, and William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (Direct Loan) program regulations. The proposed regulations would implement a new Income Contingent Repayment (ICR) plan in the Direct Loan program based on the President's ``Pay As You Earn'' repayment initiative, incorporate recent statutory changes to the Income Based Repayment (IBR) plan in the Direct Loan and FFEL programs, and streamline and add clarity to the total and permanent disability discharge process for borrowers in the title IV, HEA loan programs. The proposed regulations implementing a new ICR Plan and the statutory changes to the IBR plan would assist borrowers in repaying their loans while the proposed c...
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This paper examines the roles of foreign direct investment and financial development in the process of economic development using Thailand as the case study. We argue that better developed financial systems allow an economy to exploit the benefits of foreign direct investment more efficiently. The estimation draws upon an unrestricted error-correction model to avoid omitted lagged variable bias, and an instrumental variable estimator to correct for endogeneity bias. Using annual time series data from 1970 to 2004, the results show that financial development stimulates economic development whereas foreign direct investment impacts negatively on output expansion in the long run. However, an increased level of financial development enables Thailand to gain more from foreign direct investme...
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The Secretary amends the Federal Perkins Loan (Perkins Loan) program, Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) program, and William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (Direct Loan) program regulations. These final regulations implement a new Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR) plan in the Direct Loan program based on the President's ``Pay As You Earn'' repayment initiative, incorporate recent statutory changes to the Income-Based Repayment (IBR) plan in the Direct Loan and FFEL programs, and streamline and add clarity to the total and permanent disability (TPD) discharge process for borrowers in loan programs under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA). These final regulations implementing a new ICR plan and the statutory changes to the IBR plan will assist borrowers in repa...
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- The Effects of Foreign Direct Investment On Economic Growth of a Developing Country: From Kazakhstan
This paper investigates a relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, exchange rate, and economic growth of a developing country, and their effects on major economic activities in the nation. This paper examines macroeconomic activity variables of gross domestic product, fixed capital investment, employment ratio, retail trade turnover, industrial production, FDI inflows, and dollar exchange rate as a control variable. The macroeconomic activity statistics often calendar years (1997-2006) of Kazakhstan were analyzed by using a multivariate regression model with weighted least squares estimates. The results indicate that FDI has a minimum or not a statistically significant impact on GDP growth of Kazakhstan. The paper argues that a resource-seeking FDI has a minimal eff...
