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This Article demonstrates that and does not violate the Seventh Amendment. Two historical antecedents, used by common-law courts, justify modern summary judgment, trial by inspection and demurrer to the evidence. Trial by inspection, as explained by Blackstone, Coke, and Maitland, allowed a common-law judge to inspect evidence visually and then decide "obvious" cases without ever impaneling a jury. In contrast, a jury would be used if pretrial inspection demonstrated legitimate "doubt" about the relevant issue. Demurrer to the evidence, while not identical to summary judgment, is similar because it allowed a judge to take a case away from a jury where the nonmovant's evidence failed to prove a claim or defense. The Article criticizes a rigid interpreta...
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...At the conclusion of all the evidence, the defendant requested the court to direct a ver... rules of the common law in respect of demurrers to evidence and nonsuits. It therefore will be wel...
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As I have stated, summary judgment is unconstitutional. Professors Edward Brunet's and William Nelson's Symposium responses to my article Why Summary Judgment Is Unconstitutional, previously published in the Virginia Law Review, confirm that summary judgment is unconstitutional. No procedure analogous to summary judgment existed under the English common law in 1791, the common law that governs the constitutionality of modern procedures that affect the civil jury trial right. Misreading and ignoring the governing common law, Professor Brunet offers a different type of trial under the common law, a non-jury trial-the trial by inspection-as the common law analogy to summary judgment. A look at this trial shows that, if analogous to anything in modern litigation, this trial has similarity t...
... the jury trial right, including the demurrer to the pleadings, the demurrer to the evidence, th...
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...There was insufficient evidence to authorize the jury to find any definite amount ...The defendant renewed its demurrer to the, plaintiff's amended petition and alleged i...
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... challenged the sufficiency of the evidence by filling a demurrer pursuant to a Pennsylvania R...
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... by the Court upon the defects in the demurrer to evidence, it has not been thought necessary to ...
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.... The 1st was to the admission in evidence of a record of a judgment between the same parties..., but the Defendant refused to join in demurrer and the Court refused to compel him to join. . E....
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...At the close of all the evidence the District Court granted the Government's motion... jury, by at least two procedures, the demurrer to the evidence and the motion for a new trial. Th...
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... the verdict was not sustained by the evidence. A second trial was then had, which resulted in a ...647. In such case the practice of a demurrer to the evidence can be resorted to, or a motion to...
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... for consideration grow out of a demurrer to the evidence, and out of exceptions taken to th...