The study carries out a review of theoretical and methodological possibility to identify and build a minimal (consistent and complete) list of criteria for real economic convergence aimed at to assess the status of real economic convergence in the European Union. The essence of the study is to identify the necessary and sufficient predicates of macro-economic indicators that allow us to qualify them as criteria for real economic convergence. In the end, some methodological issues are developed and applied. To be sure on the accuracy of research, the sufficient predicates are examined concerning their independence, consistency and completeness. Based on these predicates, thorough examinations of the correlation between the process of real convergence and the nominal convergence is carrie...
Fearon writes that the incentive effects of imposing partitions on weak states apply to relations between insurgents and governments, and to relations among states. Cooper points out that what happened in 1989 was not just the end of the Cold War, but also the end of the balance-of-power system in Europe. Grant and Barysch note that both the EU and China are helping to shape a new international order. Slaughter examines the relations between government networks and traditional international organizations.
... of ad hoc partition would implicitly fix criteria for international intervention in support of redra... of government networks in terms of convergence, but also informed divergence of national rules, p...
... Transatlantic Convergence and Opportunities for Business to be Heard. The ... operator who, by satisfying certain criteria, is considered to be reliable in their customs-rel...
Under the Maastricht Treaty of 1992, a single currency called the "euro" was adopted, and economic criteria for membership in the European Monetary Union were established. The objectives of the Maastricht Treaty were to eliminate the costs connected with several European currencies, increase both currency and international stability, and stimulate economic growth and employment with a more efficient single market and European integration. The individual Member States and the European Union as a whole would benefit with free circulation of goods, services, people, and capital among the Member States ("What is," n.d., p. 2-3). On January 1, 1999, eleven of the fifteen existing European Union (EU) Member States joined the EMU: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Lux...
... discipline by meeting specific convergence criteria:. Inflation rate must be within 1.5 perce...
[...] the new currency refers to nothing that has ever existed in the U.S.A. It is graced with figurative bridges, imaginary buildings, schematic maps- neutered virtual images carefully designed to avoid any reference to American heritage. The unelected Eurocrats in Brussels, the same who now have trouble operating the $6,400 espresso machines in their offices, decreed the end of beloved historical currencies like the franc, guilder, peseta, escudo, drachma, and that prized symbol of Germany's postwar comeback, the Deutsche Mark. Officially launched as a theoretical accounting unit for 11 EU nations in 1999 (five others have adopted the euro since; actual banknotes and coins were circulated in 2002), it has become, by default, the second most important international reserve currency a...
... Euroland, EU states met stringent "convergence criteria" by notoriously manipulating statistics, ...
...Transatlantic Convergence and Opportunities for Business to be Heard . The G... operator who, by satisfying certain criteria, is considered to be reliable in their customs-rel...
... which the risk of a breach of the EMU convergence criteria, resulting from a speculative "attack" on...
The substitutability of private and public savings has implications for the effectiveness of fiscal policy. Using annual data for the period 1970-2004, this study re-examines long-run relationships between OECD private and public savings rates. However, unlike previous work, panel data unit root and cointegration tests are employed. The results confirm substitutability where strong Ricardian Equivalence is rejected for the entire OECD panel. There is support for weak Ricardian Equivalence with less than perfect substitutability. Indeed, it is argued that existing studies most likely overstate the extent of long-run substitutability particularly with regard to EU countries.
... have been guided by the Maastricht convergence criteria and stability pact during the 1990s and o...
Preface - II. Original introduction - III. Designing an optimal regulatory system - A. Regulatory Objectives - B. Characteristics of an Optimal Regulatory System - C. Regulatory Strategies - D. Organization of the Regulatory System - IV. Canada’s regulatory system - A. Current Structure of Canada’s Regulatory System - B. Comments on Canada’s Regulatory System - V. Comparative analysis of the united kingdom, australia, united states, france, germany, the netherlands, and hong kong - A. The United Kingdom - B. Australia - C. The United States - 1. Current System - 2. Calls for Reform - 3. U.S. Treasury Blueprint for a Modernized Financial Regulatory Structure - a) Market Stability Regulation - b) Prudential Regulation - c) Business Conduct Regulation - D. France - E. Germany - F. Hong ...
..., were aimed at preempting a possible convergence between the CHP of the time and social democratic ... party can be taken as one of the main criteria for assessing the extent of the party's democratic...
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