With the election season into high gear, hostility toward so- called negative political advertising seems to have reached epidemic proportions, as usual, among the general public nationwide as well as the chattering media class. The reaction is understandable on an emotional level, given the shallow, superficial thinking most people apply to such phenomena. Because this anti-negative attitude is at least partly grounded in ignorance, a brief tutorial is in order. What is known in the political industry as "negative advertising" or "negative attacks" is a variant of the well-established promotional technique of comparative advertising, i.e., mentioning a competitor by name in an ad, usually in an unfavorable way. In normal commerce, the tactic is perfectly legal as long as the comparativ...
... been constrained to positive, fluffy messages about themselves? The negative campaigning may be ...
... DRMA Voice about data indicating that advertising messages delivered by celebrity endorsers appear t... for future "consumers prefer"-type comparative claims, write Venable partner Amy Ralph Mudge an...
...Electronic Messages Sent to Mobile Phones 3. Ads Displayed on Web Site... of Employee Privacy through a Comparative Study of Data Privacy Legislation in the European ...
... andhow best to present a particular sales message. Detailingis an expensive undertaking, so pharmac... "Marketing" is defined toinclude "advertising, promotion, or any activity" that is"used to influ...).Exceptions to this norm are comparatively few. See, e.g.,ibid. (identifying "authorized per...
...Comparative case studies are necessary. To facilitate comparis...-fence Democrats, mounted a $6 million advertising campaign directed at these representatives' electo... in the way of the emotional appeal of his message with the result that people often have difficulty ...
Jagdish and Kamakura (1995) argued that celebrity endorsement has become a prevalent form of advertising in the United States. Approximately 20% of all television commercials feature a famous person, and approximately 10% of the dollars spent on television advertising are used in celebrity endorsement advertisements (Advertising Age 1987; Sherman 1985). The purpose of this study is to compare the use of celebrity endorsement between the United Sates and Lebanon in terms of two fundamental cultural dimensions: 1) low versus high context, and 2) individualism versus collectivism. This study investigates differences and similarities regarding celebrity characteristics in the U.S. and Lebanon.
... believable (Kamins et al., 1989), enhance message recall (Friedman and Friedman 1979), aid in the re... more emotional appeals and less comparative appeals than their American counterparts. Zhang an...
More journalists were killed last year than ever before. No doubt the world has become a more dangerous place for journalists, but not necessarily in ways that people might expect. The risks to foreign journalists, especially for (but hardly limited to) Western correspondents, have risen dramatically. There is another trend that is even more disturbing. When it comes to journalists, the killers get away with the murders in nearly nine out of ten cases. In no less than 89% of journalist murders worldwide, there has been little or no prosecution whatsoever. At the same time, combat journalists and other reporters who cover dangerous situations still face great risks. No less than 18% of the journalists killed on the job in all circumstances since 1992 died covering combat or some other fo...
...Hard, comparative data on the topic is not readily available. But on... and unnecessary; it would also send the message to the public that journalists saw themselves as s... have manipulated private or public advertising to punish media outlets' critical reporting, as wa...
... and, consequently, so too advertising messages. Together they contribute to define appropriate be.... Finally, comparative analysis between both genders in the same medium s...
... practices and misleading and comparative advertising on its own initiative, without having ..."; the IAA determines whether the message is misleading by taking into account the unfair co...
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