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British poet Rudyard Kipling observed, "Words are, of course, the most powerful drug used by mankind.
When I was in graduate school at Oxford, I studied some of the most beguiling words ever uttered -- words that had been used as a narcotic among both the educated and the ignorant. I speak of the words of communism. I wanted to know what all the fuss with communism was about. What could explain the attraction -- nay, the devotion -- to this juggernaut that had swept up entire nations and become the new organizing principle of millions of people? I poured over Karl Marx's "Communist Manifesto" and other seminal works in the body of communist literature and Marxian economics. I listened to some of my professors hold forth on the virtues of communistic ideals.
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A system of social organization in which goods are held in common.
Communism in the United States is something of an anomaly...
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On Pei's reading, the strength or weakness of the microfoundations of state-socialist systems provides an important explanation for the divergent patterns of economic transformation in the former socialist countries in the last decade. Janos takes advantage of historical hindsight in bringing into sharper focus similarities and differences among communist regimes in the USSR and Eastern Europe. Mahr and Nagle point out that the political re-emergence of post-communist successor parties in several nations of East-Central Europe raises the theoretical question of their role in the ongoing democratization process. Roper examines whether theories of revolution assist in explaining the Romanian revolution of December, 1989.
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Introduction - II. Historical context - III. Citizenship - theory and substance - A. Jus Soli - B. Jus Sanguinis - C. The Human Rights Model as an Alternative Approach - D. International Case Law - E. Conclusion - IV. Baltic citizenship laws - A. Estonian Naturalization Requirements - B. Latvian Naturalization Requirements - C. Lithuanian Naturalization Requirements - V. Baltic states’ human rights obligations - A. United Nations Conventions - B. European Human Rights Conventions - C. Conclusion - VI. State practice - A. United States - B. Europe - VII. Conclusion
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BEYOND, BEHIND, MYSTERIOUS and unvisited, the great expanse of what was once Soviet Central Asia sits ignored somewhere near the end of the world. Its...
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WASHINGTON - Tackling an issue sure to rouse sports fans, lawmakers pressed college football officials Friday to switch the Bowl Championship Series to a playoff, with one Texas Republican likening the current system to communism and joking it should be labeled "BS," not "BCS.
John Swofford, the coordinator of the BCS, rejected the idea of switching to a playoff, telling a House panel that it would threaten the existence of celebrated bowl games. Sponsorships and TV revenue that now go to bowl games would instead be spent on playoff games, "meaning that it will be very difficult for any bowl, including the current BCS bowls, which are among the oldest and most established in the game's history, to survive," Swofford said.
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Trade unions are a school of communism.
-Vladimir Lenin
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WASHINGTON - Osama bin Laden's death was announced by the president on May 1, a date that once had worldwide significance on the revolutionary calendar of communism, which was America's absorbing national security preoccupation prior to Islamic terrorism.
Times change.
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Soviet communism collapsed for many reasons, including the economic inefficiency that resulted in chronic shortages of food and consumer goods, and pervasive and mendacious propagan- da, which amounted to the routine mis- representation of reality highlighting the gap between theory and practice, and promise and fulfillment.
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In the year 1930, the city of Tiflis (now Tbilisi) was a captive capital. The ancient city in the heart of the Caucasus, with its mountain scenery and...