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Introduction. II. Background. A. Roman Law: The Birth of the Modern Civil Law Approach. B. French Law: Focus on the Underlying Disposition. III. Louisiana's Approach And Its Problems. A. Determining Whether the Suit Is a Contest. B. Ascertaining the Testator's Intent. C. Exceptions to the Rule of Validity. D. The Effect of Invalidating the Penalty Clause. E. The Problem of Validity and Enforceability. F. The Confusion of Louisiana's Approach and the Need to Find a Solution. IV. Common Law Approach And History. A. British Common Law: The Emergence of the Good Faith, Probable Cause Exception. B. The American Common Law History. C. The American Common Law Today. V. Solution For Louisiana: A Framework For Analysis Of Penalty Clauses. A. Step One: Determining Whether the Lawsuit Is a Cont...
... . With trepidation I approach the ' in terrorem ' doctrine, because of the confusion of thought ev... 166 Georgia regards penalty clauses as invalid unless there is...
... had violated the AKS Trust in terrorem clause by attempting to change the trust terms thr...
...The two opinions also had a kind of "in terrorem" effect, sending a message that municipalities wer... under the Fifth Amendment's Takings Clause does not prevent the government from regulating bu... Tie that Binds: Development Agreements in Georgia and the Need for Legislative Clarity, 30 ENVIRONS:...
... the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses, and summarizing the supporting allegations and th... the dismissal of an attack on the Georgia "county unit" system but founded our action on a g...-defeating than for this Court to make in terrorem pronouncements, to indulge in merely empty rhetori...
...-820 in order to enforce conditions in terrorem, such condition in the will here was void and the ... Item 6 attempts to provide an in terrorem clause, it fails because the will nowhere includes a limi...
...Johnson, 515 U. S. 900 , 918-919 (Georgia's concession that it intentionally created majorit...violates the Equal Protection Clause"); Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U. S. 79 , 104 (1986) ... Amendment, but counsel them in terrorem that losing a dilution case would bring liability ...
..., the inseverability clause serves an in terrorem function, as the legislature attempts to guard aga... racist comments by the chairman of the Georgia House Reapportionment Committee cited in Busbee v....
...Johnson, 515 U. S. 900 , 918-919 (Georgia's concession that it intentionally created majorit...violates the Equal Protection Clause"); Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U. S. 79 , 104 (1986) ... Amendment, but counsel them in terrorem that losing a dilution case would bring liability ...
In the ancient Near East, contracts were often solemnized by hacking up a goat. The ritual was an enacted penalty clause: "If I breach this contract, let it be done to me as we are doing to the goat." This Article argues that we are not so far removed from our goat-hacking forbearers. Legal scholars have argued that contractual liability is best explained by the morality of promise making, or by the need to create optimal incentives in contractual performance. In contrast, this Article argues for the simpler, rawer claim that contractual liability consists of consent to retaliation in the event of breach. In the ancient ritual with the goat, the consented-to retaliation consisted of self-help violence against life and limb. The private law in effect domesticates and civilizes retaliatio...
...) (discussing common-law origins of Arrest Clause, U. S. Const., Art. I, § 6, cl. 1). Even when use... of the Body, or any other Force used in terrorem"). On occasion, however, common-law commentators ..."); Digest of the Laws of the State of Georgia 1755-1800, p. 411 (H. Marbury & w. Crawford eds. 1...
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