Alcohol is the most common "rape drug," with up to two-thirds of victims consuming alcohol prior to the assault. Surprisingly, little research has examined the assault and postassault experiences of victims who were impaired or incapacitated as a result of substance use, including alcohol, during a rape. Thus, the current study evaluated the assault and postassault experiences of a sample of 340 nonimpaired, impaired, and incapacitated college rape victims. Results supported that these three groups differed in several assault characteristics, including threats by the assailant, resistance by the victim, and relationship with the assailant. In addition, impairment and incapacitation were associated with several postassault factors, including self-blame, stigma, and problematic alcohol us...
The purpose of this study was to identify the key characteristics of a successful case discussion. The participants of this field-based case study were finance professors from Harvard Business School and the University of Virginia's Darden Graduate School of Business Administration, two top-ranked MBA programs that have used case discussion leadership as their primary philosophy of teaching and learning for many years. The methodology employed was a qualitative field study which utilized interviews of the finance professors, observations of case discussion courses, and analyses of relevant program documents. This article provides specific findings regarding the characteristics of a successful case discussion which can assist in developing the abilities and skills of educators to impleme...
Accountability is viewed as a fundamental principle of organization theory, yet theoretical and empirical research on this important construct has lagged behind its pivotal role in organizations. The present study tested portions of a model of accountability, examining job and organizational characteristics as predictors and employee influence tactics as outcomes of accountability. Accountability demonstrated significant positive relationships with hierarchical level and employee influence tactics, and a negative relationship with job ambiguity. Furthermore, an accountability X job ambiguity interaction was found on employee influence indicating that under low job ambiguity, increases in accountability are associated with greater use of influence tactics. Implications of the results for...
This article presents the sociodemographic and economic characteristics of Social Security child beneficiaries. Using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation matched with administrative benefit records, we find important differences in the incidence of child benefit receipt and average benefit amount across a number of individual and family-level characteristics. We also examine the demographic and income characteristics of the three beneficiary types: child of deceased worker, child of disabled worker, and child of retired worker.
We study the behavior of active individual investors who hold foreign stocks and bonds directly. Using the Survey of Consumer Finances, we determine the demographic, financial, and behavioral characteristics that predict the likelihood of direct investments in foreign stocks and bonds. Our main findings are: (1) while aggregate data indicate substantial home bias, within the group of active individual investors in foreign stocks, there is no evidence of home bias, and (2) age, financial wealth, and proxies for investor confidence are positively related to direct ownership of foreign stocks and bonds, while proxies for lack of financial sophistication have a negative effect.
The literature suggests that compliance behaviors are important in sustaining supply chain relationships when dealing with supply disruptions. This study empirically examines the role of agent-level factors on compliance in supply chain relationships, departing from previous research that focused mainly on firm-level factors. We find that after controlling for dependence and relational norms, some dimensions of agent cooperativeness and assertiveness are still significantly related to compliance. These findings suggest that certain characteristics of decision-making agents do matter in supply chain relationship dynamics, and encourage further research on the role of agent-level factors in affecting various aspects of supply chain phenomenon.
The current study applied the first macro-level analysis of methamphetamine use. The extant literature on macro-level drug use has suggested that areas with high levels of social disorganization experience high rates of drug use. In this study it was expected that school districts with low SES and high rates of ethnic heterogeneity, residential instability and family disruption will experience high rates of methamphetamine use. In addition, it was expected that rural and suburban school districts would show higher rates than urban school districts. Social disorganization hypotheses were partially supported as low economic status and residential instability are associated with methamphetamine use. Interestingly, a high percentage of white population is positively associated with methamph...
We investigate the relation between the performance and characteristics of 1,779 domestic, actively managed retail equity mutual funds with diverse expense ratios. We show that using expense ratio standard deviation classes is an effective method for characterizing fund expenses for investors. Using various performance measures including Russell-index-adjusted returns, the results indicate that superior performance, on average, occurs among large funds with low expense ratios, low trading activity, and no or low front-end loads. Performance is invariant with respect to whether funds have 12b-1 fees.
This research identified the characteristics of respondents in different quintiles of the income distribution using data from the three most recent Surveys of Consumer Finances (1998, 2001, and 2004). Using multinomial logistic regression, each quintile was compared to the middle quintile of the income distribution (41st to 60th income percentile) for each of the three surveys. The findings can be used by financial advisors and educators to compare the characteristics of their clients and their target audiences with a national sample and to help clients assess their current situation. However, an important first step is to discuss with clients what they want to achieve because each client is likely to have different goals.
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