This paper examines the depth, erudition, and rigor of contemporary research on knowledge management as a causal factor that influences the ultimate outcome of multinational corporation (MNC) expansion, bounded by the confines of information and communication technology (ICT) competences identified as behavioral, business, and technological. Through discussion highlighting the dominant knowledge management (KM) research themes within the milieu of the global firm, readers will gain definitive and practical insight into relevant topics that may be used to stimulate development of growth strategies for the firm.
Blackett and Klinger rationalize that while the associations with student achievement have been found, further research is still needed to better understand how library media centers affect student achievement and reading enjoyment. They observe that one of the major weaknesses of the majority of current and past research investigating these associations between library media centers and students' achievement and enjoyment has been the inability to provide direct causal evidence. Hence, while significant correlations have been found, there is no research that has been able to demonstrate that funds directed towards increased school library staffing and resources actually result in higher student outcomes in reading.
[...] remediating extensive staff turnover should be a top priority for state probation administrators, especially in an era of tightening administrative budgets and expanding public expectations. [...] future research should include organizational commitment in its causal modeling approach to better explain the relationship between work environment factors and employee turnover.
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps are fuzzy graph structures that represent causal reasoning. This article proposes a means of building and using such maps to support the managers as well as analysts of R&D portfolios by making prediction comparisons between the research projects under evaluation. The proposal considers the factors within the decision environment and their relationships. With this methodology it becomes possible for analysts to automate (or support, at least) their decision processes.
This study examines the short run and long run causal relationships among macroeconomic variables and equity market returns in the emerging equity market for the period of 6/1998 to 6/2008 by employing the VAR framework on monthly data. Macroeconomic variables include industrial production index, consumer price index, money supply, exchange rate, foreign portfolio investment, Treasury bill rates and oil prices. Results support the finance theory and provide evidence that long term relationship exist among equity market and macroeconomic factors. Unidirectional causality has been observed flowing from consumer price index, exchange rates, money supply and interest rate to equity market. No granger causality is observed among industrial production, foreign portfolio investment and equity ...
... no clinical studies that have proven a causal relationship between isotretinoin and depression o...To date, all systematic research on this topic has revealed no statistically signif...
Criminologists have long interested in desistance or cessation from crime, that is, in why particular career criminals choose to give up committing criminal acts. However, this interest used desistance as a means of elucidating the etiology or causes or crime. However, methodological barriers limit the usefulness of such causal inferences. New analysis suggested that desistance research could have value in its own right to advance policy goals and strategies for intervention.
Depression may be associated with increased mortality in patients with diabetes because of both behavioral and biologic factors," said researchers. But, they added, "Further research will be necessary to disentangle causal relationships among depression, behavioral risk factors (adherence to medical regimens), diabetes complications and mortality." The behavioral risk factors include sedentary habits that, they said, can lead to depression.
Brian Stump, a geological scientist at SMU, notes that those who suspect a connection between natural-gas extraction and the recent earthquakes could be right. He says research has documented a causal relationship between some extraction techniques - specifically fluid injection - and small tremors. "It is difficult to establish a causal relationship, and earthquakes caused by extraction are very rare," Stump says, "but it happens. The question of whether drilling can cause stronger earthquakes - a 4.0 quake is 900 times more powerful than a 2.0 motivated the City Council's decision to seek help. "We wanted to find out if this would begin to significantly challenge our quality of life," says Robert Kelly, a local dentist and City Council member. "The big question is whether it is safe ...
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