We compare samples of textiles and garments producers across groups of countries to find that, in general, productivity is far lower in Sub-Saharan Africa than it is in India. Indian manufacturers in turn are significantly less productive than their counterparts in Morocco, while producers in some SSA countries do match or exceed the Indian standard. The paper assesses the importance of geography as a possible factor in these gaps compared to such possible causes as trade policy and the quality of public institutions. It turns out that both institutions and trade policy are strong influences on country productivity averages. However, geography is also as powerful an influence in as far as it affects access to export markets and to input supplies.
... productivity in terms of value-added per worker, not surprisingly, our data suggests that the aver... employees at end of the fiscal year, and capital services, which we proxy by the end-ofyear value o...Where k is capital stock per worker, N is the number of employees, and u^su...
... exchange; and (5) regulation of capital, labor, and business. The components in areas 1, 3... conditions both erode the energy level of workers and increase the risk of disabling and life-threat... geographic/locational variables, and the stock of human capital per worker were regressed against...
Employment has shifted from a relatively stable and secure relation in which shareholders bore the risks associated with the market and firms buffered the risks vis-à-vis workers to a dynamic relation characterized by employment insecurity and individual responsibility. Modern businesses face new management challenges stemming from decreased employee loyalty and difficulties in supervising and controlling the workforce. Firms have responded by implementing internal branding programs that parallel consumer marketing programs but target workers rather than consumers. The goal of such programs is to re-align employees’ self-interest with that of the firm, persuading employees to internalize the firm’s brand so that they “live the brand” and react instinctively “on-brand.” Identity-based br...
... Interdisciplinary Study of Work & Social Capital, Washington University School of Law. Deirdre Aaro... hold disproportionate amounts of company stock in undiversified 401(k) retirement accounts, despi...
... in education and increases in output per worker. Similarly, Gwartney, Holcombe, and Lawson (2004) ... South Africa, Costa Rica), additions to the stock of human capital have a negative effect on growth ...
...workers in the area of proposed employment. This Schedule ... of investing a substantial amount of capital in a bona fide enterprise in the United States, as..., the board of directors, or stockholders of the organization. (D) Specialized knowledge mea...
... of the free rider problem predicts pro-capital policy. We test these conflicting predictions in R...The distribution of capital stock in a country is always right-skewed because a smal... it is easier for capitalists than for workers to overcome the free-rider problem in lobbying, th...
Chronic ill-health and the prospect of premature mortality haunt billions of people around the developing world. While working towards global health and stability, few goals can be more worthy than that of lifting these burdens. But the question remains as to whether investment in health care should be justified solely on humanitarian grounds or whether a valid economic argument can be made -- that is, whether there can be a quantifiable return on health care investment. The author's paper is the second paper published in the last two years that challenges the conventional wisdom that improvement in a country's health care results in meaningful improvements in its GDP. The study was divided into two main areas: first, the study of the impact on GDP of an increase in life expectancy, and...
... tuberculosis strikes mosdy prime-age workers, while malaria affects mainly young children. The ... size and agestructure of the population, capital accumulation, and resource crowding. The simulatio... has the effect of depressing the capital stock per worker even further. Eventually, as the size o...
... that inflation has adverse effects on capital formation. For instance, in Schreft and Smith (199... inversely related to the aggregate capital stock. Since income is higher under higher levels of cap...Equivalently, output per worker is expressed by [y.sub.t] = f([k.sub.t]) and satis...
... views output (Q) as a function of capital (K) and labor (L), such that Q = f(K,L). Within th...The data for physical capital per worker (Kpw) and human capital per worker (Hpw) are from ...The physical capital stock was derived from annual investment data in the usu...
... is a structural feature of capitalist economic development that has gathered pace recent...Each worker's capacity to labor depends on a vast array of inp...Once we take stock of the cooperative nature of economic production a...
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