For the last several decades the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction has been considered a major threat to international security. Both chemical and biological weapons are universally banned. Nuclear weapons, however, are regulated by a more complicated international regime. This essay begins with a general survey of the literature on nuclear proliferation. Specifically, in the first part the author addresses the question why countries seek to acquire nuclear weapons. To answer, the article examines five theoretical models: globalization and technological imperative; leadership/cognitive and psychological approaches; internal dynamics and domestic politics model; national pride and prestige; and security. The section that follows addresses the question of how countries are 'per...
On November 14, 1994, by Executive Order 12938, the President declared a national emergency with respect to the unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States posed by the proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons (weapons of mass destruction) and the means of delivering such weapons.
The Senate Intelligence Committee's 521-page critique of pre-Iraq War intelligence is more than a shot across the bow of US intelligence agencies. The review concludes that the government's intelligence agencies, in particular the Central Intelligence Agency - their conduit to the president - assumed a lot about Iraq's efforts to build and use weapons of mass destruction, including chemical, biological and nuclear devices. Many of their assumptions were wrong, which is problematic since President Bush used them in issuing his call to upend Saddam Hussein to save the world from his WMD. The botched analysis was manifest in an October 2002 National Intelligence Estimate (NIE), which supposedly represented the consensus of all 14 intelligence agencies. But Senate investigators found report...
More or less simultaneously, the UN Commission for Conventional Armaments stigmatized the bomb by developing the concept of "weapons of mass destruction" (WMD), which linked nuclear weapons to biological, chemical, and other unconventional weapons that had "characteristics comparable in destructive effect to those of the atomic bomb.
On November 14, 1994, by Executive Order 12938, the President declared a national emergency with respect to the unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States posed by the proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons (weapons of mass destruction) and the means of delivering such weapons.
On November 14, 1994, by Executive Order 12938, the President declared a national emergency with respect to the unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States posed by the proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons (weapons of mass destruction) and the means of delivering such weapons.
President George W. Bush's challenge now is similar. The overthrow and capture of Saddam Hussein provides yet untold benefits that will also prove immeasurable. The liberals shadow their predecessors, suggesting abandoning the War on Terror. If the president follows the example of his conservative predecessors, however, future generations will reap the rewards of his firmness. The results will be apparent not only to Americans, Afghans and Iraqis, but the rest of the Middle East and the entire world as well. Although Saddam's nuclear ambitions haven't been entirely proven, he has possessed and used chemical and biological weapons. His inventories of these weapons of mass destruction have not been accounted for. As Iraqi scientists disappear, Iranian enrichment materials are appearing. N...
On November 14, 1994, by Executive Order 12938, President Clinton declared a national emergency with respect to the unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States posed by the proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons (weapons of mass destruction) and the means of delivering such weapons.
Soren Kierkegaard - On September 11, 2001, when Al Qaeda terrorists hijacked four planes and attacked the World Trade Center buildings in New York City and the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, little did anyone know that they would set in motion a new era of policing, namely the era of Homeland security (Oliver 2004). Whether hiring new officers or training current officers, police under Homeland security will have to be more familiar with information technology, intelligence gathering, processing, and disseminating, as well as technical skills not previously learned such as weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons), response to mass casualty events, and both anti-terrorism and counter-terrorism methods.
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