This paper looks at a common type of price adjustment, price indexing, which provides contractors with compensation for increases in price volatile commodities. We address the effect of Firm Fixed Price (FFP) versus indexed price systems for a price volatile commodity. The impact of these two types of bid systems is analyzed through a combined qualitative and quantitative analysis. Results indicate that an indexed price system does not provide a reduction in costs compared to a Firm Fixed Price system. This study is important to state financial managers as they address the efficient use of resources invested in state infrastructure.
..., will impose a restriction on the prices at which securities may be sold short (``short sal...
Wal-Mart has been successful in opening retail discount mass merchandising stores across the United States, mainly in smaller, rural cities, where limited competition exists from small mom and pop retailers. As part of growth plans, Wal-Mart began opening stores in larger, suburban and urban areas and now faced competition from Target and other specialty retailers. Soon, same stores sales growth slowed and growth from new stores was limited by many communities objecting to Wal-Mart locating stores in their town. Management was concerned whether the low price strategy could sustain growth. Several managers were hired to craft a new strategy moving away from price into more stylish fashion and "value propositions." The fashion initiative failed and management brought in outside marketing ...
...[I]t is the poor who pay a great price in the name of preserving an abstract ideal of an ...
This paper utilizes both parametric and nonparametric analysis to test whether the introduction of a volume weighted average price (VWAP) mechanism for closing a trading session on the Cairo and Alexandria Stock Exchange (CASE) has eliminated the day-end phenomenon or not. Results provide evidence that: (1) the day-end effect is still present and significant on the CASE; (2) the effect is significantly larger for stocks that are restricted by 5% price limits; and (3) counter to U.S. market data the effect is significantly higher for high-price stocks.
... to restrictions on short selling--one is a price test that would apply on a market wide and permane...
Actuaries manage risk, and asset price volatility is the most fundamental parameter in models of risk management. This study utilizes recent advances in econometric theory to decompose total asset price volatility into a smooth, continuous component and a discrete (jump) component. We analyze a data set that consists of high-frequency tick-by-tick data for all stocks in the S&P 100 Index, as well as similar futures contract data on three U.S. equity indexes and three U.S. Treasury securities during the period 1999-2005. We find that discrete jumps contribute between 15% and 25% of total asset risk for all equity index futures, and between 45% and 75% of total risk for Treasury bond futures. Jumps occur roughly once every five trading days for equity index futures, and slightly more ...
Many entrepreneurs are able to manage their businesses within relatively contained and familiar geographical and cultural circles. With a world economy shrinking every day amid a flood of digital information, today's entrepreneur is increasingly confronted with opportunities to consider new ways to secure vendors and recruit customers. Many unfamiliar possibilities emerge. Should the entrepreneur venture beyond "comfortable" surroundings to consider international connections? Specifically, what about China? How practical is this fetching business temptation of larger markets and lower-cost subcontractors? What are the social, trade, financial, and political issues? Should a "China strategy" be a true entrepreneurial offensive, or rather a defensive response to competition? Is this "Chin...
... to knock-off a duplicate product at lower prices and margins. Attention to branding, partnering, an...
In a rule published November 29, 2011, the Federal Communications Commission (Commission) comprehensively reformed and modernized the universal service and intercarrier compensation systems to ensure that robust, affordable voice and broadband service, both fixed and mobile, are available to Americans throughout the nation. The Commission adopted fiscally responsible, accountable, incentive-based policies to transition these outdated systems to the Connect America Fund, ensuring fairness for consumers and addressing the communications infrastructure challenges of today and tomorrow. The Commission uses measured but firm glide paths to provide industry with certainty and sufficient time to adapt to a changed regulatory landscape, and establish a framework to distribute universal service ...
... Mercatus Center agrees that ``the ratio of prices to income is an intuitively sensible way of defini...
The ability to read and understand academic research can be an important tool for practitioners in an increasingly complex accounting and business environment. This guide was developed to introduce students to the world of academic research. It is not intended for PhD students or others who wish to perform academic research. Instead, the guide should make published academic research more accessible and less intimidating so that future practitioners will be able to read empirical research and profitably apply the relevant findings. The guide begins by examining the importance of academic research for practitioners in accounting and next reviews the basics of the research process. With that background in place, we then give some guidelines and helpful hints for reading and evaluating acad...
..., including financial statements, stock prices, surveys, experiments, and even computer simulatio...
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