.... Members of the American Association of Independent News Distributors heard...
A copyright system is designed to produce an ecology that nurtures the creation, dissemination, and enjoyment of works of authorship. When it works well, it encourages creators to generate new works, assists intermediaries in disseminating them widely, and supports readers, listeners, and viewers in enjoying them. If the system poses difficult entry barriers to creators, imposes demanding impediments on intermediaries, or inflicts burdensome conditions and hurdles on readers, then the system fails to achieve at least some of its purposes. The current U.S. copyright statute is flawed in all three respects. In this Article, I explore how the current copyright system is failing its intended beneficiaries. The foundation of copyright law’s legitimacy, I argue, is built on its evident ...
...14 Various trade associations are trying to position themselves to claim that th... a decided bias in favor of distributors. That bias comes primarily at creators’ expense.... employment and many works created by independent contractors are deemed to have been authored by th...Rather, it reflects the fact that the American copyright law tilts, and has always tilted, the pl... Parliament , CNET (June 8, 2009), http://news.cnet.com/8301-13578_3-10259048-38.html. In Canada,...
... to supervise its use, and had no independent duty to police infringement. . Held: One who di... infringing use is shown, unless the distributors had specific knowledge of infringement at a time w...Similarly, Grokster sent users a newsletter promoting its ability to provide particular, popul... for Distributed Computing Industry Association as Amicus Curiae 15-26; Merges, A New Dynamism i...See, e.g ., M. Madden, Pew Internet & American Life Project, Artists, Musicians, and the Internet...
The enormous amount of money changing hands in modern government-run lotteries attracts an equally impressive number of fraud and theft opportunities. In the US, state and multistate lottery operations must apply fundamental internal control principles to protect the sponsoring governmental entity, citizens, and players from scandal being associated with sweepstakes games. In this article the authors describe some of the internal controls the Texas Lottery Commission uses to maintain the security and integrity of its lottery system. Though these controls are specifically for lottery operations, the underlying tenets on which the controls have been built are useful in any organization as is the importance of considering external relationships in the process of designing a control system....
...According to the North American Association of State and Provincial Lotteries (NAS...Controls include independent checks on activities, authorizations, physical ass... sufficient controls so that ticket distributors and retailers can't circumvent lottery product aut...
In this final rule, OSHA is modifying its Standard (HCS) to conform to the United Nations' Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). OSHA has determined that the modifications will significantly reduce costs and burdens while also improving the quality and consistency of information provided to employers and employees regarding chemical hazards and associated protective measures. Consistent with the requirements of Executive Order 13563, which calls for assessment and, where appropriate, modification and improvement of existing rules, the Agency has concluded this improved information will enhance the effectiveness of the HCS in ensuring that employees are apprised of the chemical hazards to which they may be exposed, and in redu...
...See Industrial Union Dep't v. American Petroleum Institute, 448 U.S. 607 (1980). As discu... burden for manufacturers, importers, distributors, and transporters engaged in commerce in the domes..., industries, professional and trade associations, academics, employee organizations and individuals... \10\ A representative from the Independent Lubricant Manufacturers Association suggested that... and rubber (Commodity code 24), Pulp, newsprint, paper, and paperboard (Commodity code 27), Nonmet...
The payment card industry is a typical "two-sided market" where two groups of agents (i.e. merchants and cardholders) interact with each other via a common network platform (i.e. a card network) and the value of participating in the network for agents in one group depends on the number of participants from the other group. The positive network externalities across the two sides create the "chicken-and-egg problem": without sufficient merchants accepting a particular card network, few consumers are willing to apply for the card; without sufficient cardholders, few merchants are willing to accept the card. While economists have addressed the issue from social welfare perspective, we focus on business strategy implications. Modeling network externalities in dynamic systems, we show that ne...
...VISA, MasterCard, American Express, and Discover are platform owners of the U...We call them the distributors of a network. They are the agents who produce and ... alliance essentially give up their independent control over the individual networks and have to s... plan issued by the American hotel Association, which contributed 4,500 merchants and 160,000 car...
... remaining a member of any oathbound association (other than benevolent orders, and the like) with ..., deprived him "of his privileges as an American citizen." The right to acquire and retain property..., persons, nevertheless, in 1936, a newspaper corporation successfully objected that a state law... from continuing in business as an independent entrepreneur was declared to present an issue of p... maximum milk prices may be fixed for distributors and storekeepers, Nebbia v. New York, 291 U.S. 502...
... 2006 International CES exhibitors; breaking news releases are available at http://www.tradeshownews....COM As mobile after market distributors for many years attending the prestigious C.E.S sho...Company: American Honda Motor Co., Inc. Booth/Stand: 6406 Ticker Sym... groups, the Universal Powerline Association (UPA) and the European Union consortium OPERA (Ope..., as well as approximately 20,000 independent electronics stores and points of sale nationwide. ...
Since the 1970's, at any given movie theater, one price has been charged for all movies, seven days a week, throughout the year. This Article studies the economic and legal causes that led to the formation of this peculiar phenomenon of uniform pricing for differentiated goods. The Article studies the history of the motion picture industry's pricing systems in their legal, economic, and technological contexts. It shows that, despite intensive antitrust scrutiny and litigation, forces with considerable market power have almost always shaped the industry's pricing systems. Uniform pricing, it is argued, is a consequence of the industry's history, structure, and governing legal rules. In particular, the Article argues that the uniform pricing regime has been maintained by the same forces t...
... twentieth century,8 when a few large distributors acquired control over admission prices.9 For twent... holidays and school breaks are independent of supply and are good predictors for demand peaks...") were successfully introduced to the American public by independent producers and spelled the en...News reports suggest that producers and distributors ob...As the president of the National Association of Theatre Owners put it, "We want people to get i...
This monograph is a case study of newspaper competition in New Hampshire between the province's official newspaper and an upstart Whig challenger in the period marked by contention over the Stamp Act (1765-1766) and over the tight oligarchical reign of the Wentworth family. The case study is grounded in the civic republican tradition articulated by Bernard Bailyn and Gordon Wood as well as the revisionist scholarship since the 1960s that takes the role of the "little people" seriously. It maintains that the competition between the two newspapers contributed to, and opened up, the public spaces in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, to a wider compass than might have been predicted if one follows the standard Habermasian argument for the develop of a bourgeois public sphere. In part, these more d...
... and Wood have traced the ideology of the American revolutionary movement to seventeenth century Brit... and institutions in voluntary associations of private people who came together as a public to... of public life and the health of the independent press after the Mercury's demise are well diagnose... aimed, first, against the Stamp distributors and later against a number of threats to their rig...
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