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Ambiguity
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Kaplan expounds how Martin Buber's insights and oversights shape Emmanuel Levinas' radical inversion of Greek philosophy and Jewish ethics. As a consequence, there emerges an ambiguity of the other which the philosophical framework that Buber develops cannot determine, and the constructive dimension of ethical giving which Levinas underscores presupposes the risk of betrayal. At each turn in a dialogue that unfolds between, and besides, Levinas and Buber, the other's ambiguity charges the first philosophy of ethics.
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This Essay addresses a topic of great academic and practical interest currently facing the Supreme Court: whether the Privileges or Immunities Clause, which has lain dormant since the Court's ill-conceived 1873 Slaughter-House Cases decision, should be resurrected in order to apply the Second Amendment to the states. The Essay makes the novel argument that the textual basis for the Slaughter-House Court's holding regarding the clause - i.e., the lack of parallel textual construction in the first two sentences of Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment regarding citizenship) - was in fact the wholly unintentional product of what we might call "attrition of parliamentary processes." This analysis is not new to the Supreme Court. Borrowed from an oral argument made before the U.S. Supreme Co...
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The tolerance for ambiguity (or intolerance for ambiguity) construct relates to a person's disposition or tendency in addressing uncertain situations. Research literature has pointed out that tolerance for ambiguity (TFA) or intolerance for ambiguity (INTFA) influences an individual's behavior, which in turn affects leadership style and decision making process. While studies in multiple fields (e.g., business, medicine) have addressed the value of understanding a person's level of TFA, little information can be found in its application to school administrators, e.g., principals. This research advances the study of the TFA construct in the domain of educational leadership through the development of a scale for use with prospective and practicing school administrators. A sample of 326 ear...
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That old Chinese curse "May you live in interesting times" has become a bromide. I suspect those old Chinese savants were smarter: Confucius (and his St. Paul, Mencius) codified rules and ceremonies for all princes for all eternity, rightfully suspecting that all eras would face many of the same difficulties. (What would the old boy have thought of Beijing's current leaders using his dogma, which they once trashed when they were Marxists, in the service of Chinese "soft power" and espionage "institutes" around the world?) These are, indeed, "interesting times." Although our media and intellectuals increasingly try to entice us into believing the digital revolution has made all things knowable (after all, we have Google, Wikipedia and search algorithms), the world political economy remai...
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It's easy to understand why U.S. participation in the NATO-led bombing of Libya has been met with criticism from many quarters. Our Secretary of Defense has admitted on national TV that Libya is not a "vital interest" and poses no threat to this country, President Obama waited nine days after the first bombs dropped to level with the American people, the goal of the campaign remains murky, and we're not even sure whom we're helping to fight Gadhafi. All of these criticisms are valid, and I believe that they call into question (not for the first time) the president's judgment on issues related to the Middle East. That said, the Obama administration does deserve praise for inaction -- the failure to articulate an "Obama Doctrine" for intervening in humanitarian conflicts in the Middle Eas...
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According to Tishman, this orientation has three major components that are essential for the development of thinking dispositions: * Sensitivity-being alert to thinking occasions. Just like in those ubiquitous personality tests, a person might find him or herself in many, if not all, of these categories at any given time depending on the thinking occasion: * The disposition to be broad and adventurous: students challenge assumptions, look beyond the obvious, think boldly, look for opposites, push, push, push. * The disposition toward wondering, problem finding, and investigating: students are curious, they like puzzles and mysteries, they look for problems, they wonder. * The disposition to build explanations and understandings: students look at details, seek clarity, are posed to iden...
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Accountability is viewed as a fundamental principle of organization theory, yet theoretical and empirical research on this important construct has lagged behind its pivotal role in organizations. The present study tested portions of a model of accountability, examining job and organizational characteristics as predictors and employee influence tactics as outcomes of accountability. Accountability demonstrated significant positive relationships with hierarchical level and employee influence tactics, and a negative relationship with job ambiguity. Furthermore, an accountability X job ambiguity interaction was found on employee influence indicating that under low job ambiguity, increases in accountability are associated with greater use of influence tactics. Implications of the results for...
