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Alcohol
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American Alcohol & Drug Information Foundation
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Centre for Study and Control of Alcoholism and Addictions, Zagreb
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More than 10.000 documents for Alcohol
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Alcohol sales data provide a more accurate indication of alcohol consumption than alternative methods such as population surveys. This information can be used to better understand epidemiological issues related to alcohol consumption, policy development and evaluation. Official sales records were collected for the 28 regional districts of British Columbia (BC) for 2002-2005, while homemade alcohol was estimated from survey data. Alcohol consumption rates were found to vary across geographic regions, by season, and with population level demographics. Government stores were the largest source of alcohol consumption in BC, accounting for 45.1% of total alcohol consumption in 2004. U-Brews/U-Vins accounted for 4.0%, private liquor stores accounted for 27.5% of the total, and homemade alcoho...
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Continued excessive alcohol consumption can lead to the development of dependence that is associated with a withdrawal syndrome when alcohol consumption is ceased or substantially reduced. This syndrome comprises physical signs as well as psychological symptoms that contribute to distress and psychological discomfort. For some people the fear of withdrawal symptoms may help perpetuate alcohol abuse; moreover, the presence of withdrawal symptoms may contribute to relapse after periods of abstinence. Withdrawal and relapse have been studied in both humans and animal models of alcoholism. Clinical studies demonstrated that alcohol-dependent people are more sensitive to relapse-provoking cues and stimuli than nondependent people, and similar observations have been made in animal models of a...
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Human studies have found alcoholics to have a smaller brain size than moderate drinkers; however, these studies are complicated by many uncontrollable factors, including timing and amount of alcohol use. Animal experiments, which can control many factors, have established that alcohol can cause damage to brain cells (i.e., neurons), which results in their loss of structure or function (i.e., neurodegeneration) in multiple brain regions, similar to the damage found in human alcoholics. In addition, animal studies indicate that inhibition of the creation of neurons (i.e., neurogenesis) and other brain-cell genesis contributes to alcoholic neurodegeneration. Animal studies also suggest that neurodegeneration changes cognition, contributing to alcohol use disorders. Risk factors such as ado...
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College provides a context for experimentation with alcohol and drugs, the consequences of which range from mild to severe. One purpose of this study involved testing the usefulness of the Shortened Inventory of Problems - Alcohol and Drugs (SIP-AD) to assess negative consequences associated with substance use. A random sample of students (n = 421) was drawn from a medium-sized, public university. Subjects reported patterns of use for alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine over both the last 30 days and the past year. Reliability and factor analyses illustrated the internal consistency and validity of the SIP-AD. Multiple linear regression was also used to show how demographic characteristics and substance use behaviors can predict problems associated with using alcohol and/or drugs.
