In effect, the Afghan government receives a very small amount of discretionary funding, not even enough to reform a ministry. [...] a proportionally small amount of civilian aid, coupled with ineffective aid delivery mechanisms, has perpetuated weak governance and catalyzed petty corruption in Afghanistan's deeply insecure human environment.
Each had differing techniques, tribal affiliations, and goals. * Afghanistan's own weak-state threats: the corruption, smuggling, drugs, and refugee problems associated with 25 years of near-constant war. * A challenging climate: rains in the spring brought powerful floods, the summer heat limited aircraft loads, and extreme cold and snow in the winter cut off cities and even entire provinces from the rest of the country. * Very difficult terrain varying from high plains 7,000 feet above sea level, to densely forested mountains over 10,000 feet high (with only camel trail access), to deep valleys with raging rivers. Measures of effectiveness focused on positive indicators such as changes in infrastructure and institutional capacity (numbers of businesses opening, police manning their p...
A West Point graduate and Rhodes Scholar, Nagl earned his doctorate from Oxford University, taught at West Point, and served as a Military Assistant to the Deputy Secretary of Defense. Currently, Nagl is President of the Center for a New Amencan Security, Visiting Professor at the Kings College of London, an Adjunct Professor in Georgetown University and a ufe member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Veterans of Foreign Wars. What is the state of that consensus right now in political and military circles, and do you find them is still significant resistance there to organisational innovation, particularly in addressing the counter-insurgeny in Iraq and Afghanistan? First we have to decide that's what we are going to do and then we have to do it.
Osama bin Laden established close bonds with Pakistan's Inter- Services Intelligence (ISI) agency during the Soviet occupation of . Al Qaeda ("the Base") was set up by bin Laden to keep track of volunteers flocking in from all over the Arab world to fight the Soviets. After the 1989 Soviet defeat and withdrawal from , bin Laden went home to Saudi Arabia where he quickly fell afoul of the royal family for objecting to the arrival of U.S. troops in 1990 to repel the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.
Gates focused his Afghanistan tour this week on gauging the ability of United States-led coalition forces to accelerate the training of Afghan soldiers and police- a key element of President Barack Obama's war strategy intended to eventually allow American soldiers to begin to come home. Lieutenant Colonel James Duben, the Squadron Commander for international advisers training Afghan army helicopter pilots, told Gates he hopes to have the first Afghans flying their Russianmade M- 17 and M-35 helicopters into battle by April 2010.
McNerney expounds on the Provincial Reconstruction Teams' (PRTs) contribution for the US-led Coalition in Afghanistan. He notes that although there have been some challenges in the development and employment of the PRTs, they have been one of the few initiatives in Afghanistan to approach the civil and military stabilization and reconstruction missions in a coordinated fashion.
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