A Fortiori

• Essentials

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• Gazette, The; Colorado Springs, Colo.
• July 12, 2010

• A Fortiori

[Latin, With stronger reason.] This phrase is used in logic to denote an argument to the effect that because one ascertained...

• West's Encyclopedia of American Law
• A–Ba

• Targeting War-Sustaining Capability at Sea: Compatibility with Additional Protocol I

The consequences of enforcing U.N. economic sanctions set a high legal standard for what indirect harm a civilian population might have to suffer before the sanctions violate international law.118 If economic sanctions, by definition a measure short of armed conflict, can negatively affect civilian welfare to the point that a state's mortality rate increases, a fortiori a state could inflict similar harm on a civilian population during wartime. [...] the standard for determining when an attack on a war-sustaining asset is disproportional to its military value is no different than any other attack.

• Army Lawyer, The
• Nbr. 7/2009, July 2009

• Dear Itt Ideologist

I suggest a Blackwater-Bush defense. Defense counsel should argue a fortiori that the accused were privately contracted to attack U.S. command and control targets for remuneration (vis Army Air Corps v. Milo Minderbinder). Those actions were taken in accord with the Bush doctrine, which holds that a country may attack any other country that it surmises might do it harm at some future time (vis Bush v. Iraq). The contractor claim of sovereignty for the purpose of invoking the Bush Doctrine is as per stirpes inheritor of the caliphate (Ws Mohammed v. Infidels). This is so, whether or not the governor of Alaska was aware of it (vis Gibson v. Palin).

• In These Times
• January 08, 2010

• Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School Dist. No. 1, 551 U.S. (2007)

... interest in these cases "follows a fortiori " from Grutter, post, at 41, 64-66, and accusing...

• U.S. Supreme Court

• Surrender by Any Other Name ...

How did we go from winning the war in Iraq to losing overnight? Was this decided by the same committee that changed "Peking" to "Beijing"? These word changes are a fortiori evidence that liberals are part of a conspiracy. On what date did "horrible" and "actress" vanish from the English language to be replaced with "horrific" and "actor"? Who decided that?

• Tribune - Review / Pittsburgh Tribune - Review
• December 17, 2006

• How the Diversity Rationale Lays the Groundwork for New Discrimination: Examining the Trajectory of Equal Protection Doctrine

This Article advocates differentiating between two distinct categories of equal protection cases. The first-what I have termed indicator cases-are instances where courts consider whether there are sufficient factual indications to demonstrate the existence of a prima facie equal protection violation. The second-violation cases-are instances where courts consider, having already determined the existence of an equal protection violation, whether there is a good enough justification for a prima facie equal protection violation. Unfortunately, the Supreme Court has not differentiated between these two different types of cases. This has led to a string of decisions where the Supreme Court has erroneously looked for justifications for non-existent Equal Protection Clause violations, when in f...

...DIVERSITY AS THE NEW DISCRIMINATION: A FORTIORI ARGUMENTS . . 641. X. LOOKING TO THE FUTURE: THE P...

• The William and Mary Bill of Rights Journal
• Vol. 17 Nbr. 3, March 2009

• Swarthout v. Cooke, 562 U.S. 2011 (2011)

... the result thatthe evidence required; a fortiori it is no federal concern here whether California�...

• U.S. Supreme Court

• Sorrell v. IMS Health Inc., 564 U.S. (2011)

... A fortiori it satisfies lessdemanding standards that are mo...

• U.S. Supreme Court

• The Future of Humanity

is often viewed as a topic for idle speculation. Yet our beliefs and assumptions on this subject matter shape decisions in both our personal lives and public policy - decisions that have very real and sometimes unfortunate consequences. It is therefore practically important to try to develop a realistic mode of futuristic thought about big picture questions for humanity. This paper sketches an overview of some recent attempts in this direction, and it offers a brief discussion of four families of scenarios for humanity's future: extinction, recurrent collapse, plateau, and posthumanity.

... about the future of technology and, a fortiori, one key determinant of the future of humanity. It...

• Geopolitics, History and International Relations
• Vol. 1 Nbr. 2, July 2009